In this paper, we take a look at how humans determine similarity (perceptual similarity) of abstract computer generated images. To this end, an online similarity survey was conducted with respondents ordering answer images in order of similarity to question images. Since all the survey images were generated with tree grammars, the most popular measure of tree similarity, the tree edit distance, was used to compare the images. This was done in order to determine how closely tree edit distance measures model perceptual similarity. Eight different types of tree edit distance measures were used in order to cover the broad range of tree edit distance and tree edit distance approximation methods. All the tree edit distance measures were then correlated with the online similarity survey results to determine which ones more closely model perceptual similarity. The results are then analysed in the light of some modern psychological theories of perceptual similarity.
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