-This paper presents an initial proof-of-concept implementation of a comprehensively intelligent built-environment based on mutually informing Design-to-Robotic-Production and -Operation (D2RP&O) strategies and methods developed at Delft University of Technology (TUD). In this implementation, D2RP is expressed via deliberately differentiated and function-specialized components, while D2RO expressions subsume an extended Ambient Intelligence (AmI) enabled by a CyberPhysical System (CPS). This CPS, in turn, is built on a heterogeneous, scalable, self-healing, and partially meshed Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) whose nodes may be clustered dynamically ad hoc to respond to varying computational needs.Two principal and innovative functionalities are demonstrated in this implementation: (1) costeffective yet robust Human Activity Recognition (HAR) via Support Vector Machine (SVM) and kNearest Neighbor (k-NN) classification models, and (2) appropriate corresponding reactions that promote the occupant's spatial experience and wellbeing via continuous regulation of illumination with respect to colors and intensities to correspond to engaged activities.The present implementation attempts to provide a fundamentally different approach to intelligent built-environments, and to promote a highly sophisticated alternative to existing intelligent solutions whose disconnection between architectural considerations and computational services limits their operational scope and impact.
Buildings consist of subsystems and components which have various functional and performance requirements. This inherent multiplicity demands the design and production of multi-material systems with varying and complementary properties and behaviours. This paper discusses a set of methods of digital design modelling and robotic production of hybridity in various architectural scales. In the case studies, the performance criteria serve as the underlying logic of the design and computation. The projects showcase how programmability and customizability of robotic manufacturing allow for establishing feedback loops from the production to design. Three projects are discussed in detail: a hybrid of flexible cork and rigid polystyrene, a hybrid of structural concrete with an intertwined permanent mould, and a hybrid of soft additively deposited silicone and subtractively produced hard foam. Each project has specific design performance criteria, with which a certain level of geometric complexity and variation is accomplished. Therefore, the research objective is to define and materialize the practical and robotically producible ranges of geometric complexities for each of the proposed methods. Additionally, the customization and development of robotic production setups are discussed. The research concludes that multi-materiality achieved through multimode robotic production methods introduces a higher, on-demand, and performance-driven resolution in building systems.
The following research synthesizes biopolymers with digital fabrication tools, such as robotic 3D printing, to complement existing research on reducing the amount of concrete used in buildings. It investigates bio-based and biodegradable polymers for concrete formworks. The climate crisis challenges architects and designers to explore alternative opportunities for sustainable fabrication processes. Biopolymers have emerged as a potential material to replace petroleum-based plastics used in the built environment. This research aims to rethink the materials used in the construction of buildings and suggests introducing bio-based and biodegradable materials in architecture.
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