This report describes the clinical and radiologic findings of a child who was stabbed with a pencil tip in his right upper eyelid, in what initially appeared to be an innocuous injury. The child presented again 3 weeks later with a combined orbital and frontal lobe brain abscess. The mechanism of injury is discussed, the orbital and neuro-surgical interventions are detailed, and the medical treatment is presented. Ophthalmologists should have a high index of suspicion for orbital foreign bodies and possible intracranial injury in cases of penetrating eyelid trauma.
In order to design a spraying system with the desired characteristics, the atomization process has to be understood in detail, including the primary breakup of the liquid core. Accurate prediction of primary breakup is a major barrier to computer-based analysis of spray combustion. The development oj^ models is hindered by the lack of validation data in a region where the fluid is dense, and optical access is therefore limited. The present experimental study is aimed at probing the spray structure by means of X-ray computed tomography (CT). A full-cone atomizer (0.79 mm oriflce diameter) spraying in air at ambient pressure is investigated as a proof of concept. A mixture of water and iodine is used as the working fluid, providing elevated X-ray absorption and therefore, improved signal-to-noise ratio. Several hundreds of X-ray projections are acquired as the spraying atomizer is rotated in front of the detector. Standard software for medical imaging is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional time-averaged distribution of liquid mass fraction in the full fleld of view, from the intact liquid core to the dilute spray region. A spatial resolution of 0.6 mm is obtained along the spraying direction, while the resolution is 0.3 mm in the other two directions. Significant asymmetries in the structure of the spray are revealed.
The findings of more walls affected and higher incidence of zygomatic fractures in MT patients probably represent a stronger impact of the original insult, causing both more damage to other organs and more severe damage to the orbit. The increased rate of late enophthalmos in MT patients may be associated with their primary presentation to the emergency room with potentially life-threatening injuries. Under such circumstances, thorough ophthalmologic examination is nearly impossible, both because the patient cannot cooperate sufficiently and because medical priorities dictate concentration on taking care of the injuries threatening life. The lack of a thorough ophthalmic examination prevents early comprehensive treatment.
In order to design a spraying system with the desired characteristics, the atomization process has to be understood in detail, including the primary break-up of the liquid core. Accurate prediction of primary break-up is a major barrier to computer-based analysis of spray combustion. The development of models is hindered by the lack of validation data in a region where the fluid is dense, and optical access is therefore limited.
The present experimental study is aimed at probing the spray structure by means of X-ray computed tomography (CT). A full-cone atomizer (0.79 mm orifice diameter) spraying in air at ambient pressure is investigated as a proof of concept. A mixture of water and iodine is used as the working fluid, providing elevated X-ray absorption and therefore improved signal-to-noise ratio. Several hundreds of X-ray projections are acquired as the spraying atomizer is rotated in front of the detector. Standard software for medical imaging is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional time-averaged distribution of liquid mass fraction in the full field of view, from the intact liquid core to the dilute spray region. A spatial resolution of 0.6 mm is obtained along the spraying direction, while the resolution is 0.3 mm in the other two directions. Significant asymmetries in the structure of the spray are revealed.
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