Background: Low serum testosterone levels is hypothesized to predict adverse outcomes in prostate cancer patients. This study was structured to investigate this hypothesis using high-risk serum prostate-specific antigen as a marker of adverse outcome of the disease.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of serum total testosterone (TT) and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) records of prostate cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Records of age, serum TT, and serum PSA test results from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2017 were acquired from laboratory and medical records and analyzed with SPSS software version 20. Results: The records of 450 men with prostate cancer were recruited for the study. The majority (56.7%) of the study cohorts were between 70 to 79 years of age. Hypogonadism was observed in 34.7% of the study cohort. The hypogonadal patients had higher PSA values compared to the eugonadal patients (p<0.001). Lower testosterone values were observed in patients with high-risk PSA levels (p<0.001). Strong significant negative correlations were observed between total PSA and endogenous testosterone within the overall study cohort (r= -0.792; p< 0.001), the hypogonadal group (r= -0.615; p < 0.001), and among the high-risk PSA group (r= -0.632; p< 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest low, rather than high, endogenous testosterone in prostate cancer disease is associated with high-risk PSA levels which implies adverse outcome in prostate cancer patients. However, further studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Background: The relationship between endogenous testosterone and PSA in men without prostatic diseases is controversial. Hence, this study was designed to investigate this relationship among healthy Nigerian men.Methods: A retrospective study of serum total testosterone (TT) and total PSA records of 1066 prostate disease-free men was undertaken in a Nigerian tertiary Hospital. Data on age, serum testosterone, and PSA from 1st January 2007 to December 2016 was abstracted and analysed.Results: The mean age, serum PSA, and serum total testosterone levels among study cohorts are 58.40±12.24 years, 3.0±2.24 µg/l, and 15.5±0.53 nmol/l respectively. There was an inverse relationship between serum PSA and testosterone levels with age. Subjects with high-risk PSA level (PSA>4.0 µg/l) had statistically significant higher PSA (p<0.001) and TT (p<0.001) values compared to the low-risk PSA level group. Subjects in the eugonadism group had higher PSA levels than those in the hypogonadism group (eugonadism 3.90µg/l±2.22 versus hypogonadism 2.18µg/l±2.30; p=0.012). Age correlated positively with PSA (p<0.001), but negatively with TT (p<0.001) while PSA correlated positively with TT (p<0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an association between endogenous TT and PSA among healthy men without prostatic diseases and augment the evidence that serum TT maybe linked to prostate diseases. Clinical decisions regarding PSA should factor the levels of endogenous TT to enhance clinical judgments.
Introduction: This examination assessed the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in pre-diabetic and diabetes with insulinaemia in Wistar rats using the HOMA-IR model. The assessment solidified the role of Wistar rats in the evaluation model and took the blood analytes to screen for diabetes. Methodology: 84 male Wistar rats measuring 175g were isolated into fourteen groups of six animals each and dealt with high fat eating standard and acknowledged with dexamethasone which achieved diabetes. Group 1 animals were given feed and water. Group 2 animals got no treatment. Groups 3-5 were coordinated Glimepiride and Metformin, and Cinnamon independently while Groups 6-14 were administered 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 500mg/kg of Ginger, Aloe Vera, and mix of Ginger and Aloe Vera exclusively. The concentrates were administered orally. Every illustration of blood serum and plasma was explored using Randox and Accubind packs and an autoanalyser to test for various biochemical and hematological limits. Results: The overall results revealed a colossal differentiation (p≤0.05) in the limits except for that of Na+. The 500mg/kg body weight part of the concentrate was ideal while there was much basic development in the HOMA-IR with potential gains of 0.94±0.04, 2.28±0.17 and 3.25±0.44 for the three sets. HOMA-IR is enticing over other models, as reported by other investigators. This assessment revealed that HOMA-IR works best in the management of diabetes in connection with various models. Contributions to Knowledge: HOMA-IR works best at predicting and managing DM. Administration of varying doses of the extracts to the Wistar rats helped in the control by ameliorating the effect of diabetes as seen in the return of some diabetic markers assayed. This research used Wistar rats in the evaluation of the HOMA-IR model. This research compared the blood analytes of non-diabetics, pre-diabetics, and diabetics in order to monitor the onset of diabetes and proffer possible solutions to enhance early detection and manage diabetes.
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