Electrospinning polymer fibers is a well-understood process primarily resulting in random mats or single strands. More recent systems and methods have produced nanofiber yarns (NFY) for ease of use in textiles. This paper presents a method of NFY manufacture using a simplified dry electrospinning system to produce self-assembling functional NFY capable of conducting electrical charge. The polymer is a mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), polyvinyl acrylate (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). When treated with ethylene glycol (EG) to enhance conductivity, fibers touching the collector plate align to the applied electrostatic field and grow by twisting additional nanofiber polymers injected by the jet into the NFY bundle. The longer the electrospinning continues, the longer and more uniformly twisted the NFY becomes. This process has the added benefit of reducing the electric field required for NFY production from >2.43 kV cm−1 to 1.875 kV cm−1.
Electrospinning polymer fibers for is a well-understood process, primarily resulting in random mats or single strands. More recent systems and methods have allowed for the production of nanofiber yarns (NFY) for ease of use in textiles. This paper presents a method of NFY manufacture using a simplified dry electrospinning system to produce self-assembling functional NFY capable of conducting electrical charge. The polymer is a mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), polyvinyl acrylate (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). When treated with Ethylene Glycol (EG) to enhance conductivity, fibers touching the collector plate align to the applied electrostatic field and grow, twisting together as additional nanofiber polymer is added by the jet. The longer the electrospinning continues, the longer and more uniformly twisted the NFY becomes. This process has the added benefit of reducing the electric field required for NFY production from >2.43 kV cm-1 to 1.875 kV cm-1.
Printed organic sensors on flexible substrates have generated great interest due to their flexibility and low cost manufacturing. Methods such as inkjet printing, screen printing, etching or flexography are among many that have been used for the production process. In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of a free-standing, high aspect ratio PEDOT:PSS micro cylinder (20 um in diameter and 1 mm height) multi-parameter sensor printed by an inkjet process. Calibration fabrication and preliminary sensor measurement results from the fabricated sensor will be presented and future applications are discussed.
Light beam deflectors and scanners have great potential in displays and microscopy for industrial and medical applications. A liquid crystal (LC) material that responds to external stimuli is a promising candidate for such applications. The goal of the proposed work is to create a miniature light scanning device without any moving parts using integrated electro-optic(EO) LC material. The design is based on changing the propagation direction of a light beam when it is incident to an electro-optic medium with a voltage-controlled index of refraction. The current design consists of two horizontal LC cell cascaded prisms (active Prism I and II) for horizontal beam deflection and a vertical prism (passive) at the end of the horizontal stage for vertical beam deflection. In the present work, a mathematical model and simulation study is conducted on the proposed design to achieve 2D deflection of the beam (λ=632 nm). The optimized prism or apex angle of active prisms I and II are 63 and 56.7 respectively, whereas the prism angle of the passive prism is 37.5. With an incident beam angle (θ1) of 9 at the entry of prism I, maximum horizontal deflection of >36 and maximum vertical deflection of >13 is achieved through theoretical and simulation study.
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