The chemistry of polyamino carboxylates and their use as ligands for Ln3+ ions is of considerable interest from the point of view of the development of new imaging agents. Of particular interest is the chemistry of the macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and its derivatives. Herein we report that the tetramethylated DOTA derivative, DOTMA, possess several properties that, from an imaging agent development point of view, are more advantageous than those of the parent DOTA. In particular, the Ln3+ chelates of DOTMA exhibit a marked preference for the monocapped twisted square antiprismatic coordination isomer which imparts more rapid water exchange kinetics on the chelates; τM298 was determined to be 85 ns for GdDOTMA. Differential analysis of the 17O R2ρ temperature profiles of both GdDOTA and GdDOTMA afforded the τM298 values for the square (SAP) and twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) isomers of each chelate that were almost identical: 365 ns (SAP) and 52 ns (TSAP). The origin of this accelerated water exchange in the TSAP isomer appears to be the slightly longer Gd–OH2 bond distance (2.50 Å) that is observed in the crystal structure of GdDOTMA which crystallizes in the P2 space group as a TSAP isomer. The Ln3+ chelates of DOTMA also exhibit high thermodynamic stabilities ranging from log KML = 20.5 for CeDOTMA, 23.5 for EuDOTMA and YbDOTMA comparable to, but a shade lower than, those of DOTA.

Controlling the water exchange kinetics of macrocyclic Gd3+ chelates, a key parameter in the design of improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media, may be facilitated by selecting the coordination geometry of the chelate. The water exchange kinetics of the mono- capped twisted square antiprism (TSAP) being much closer to optimal than those of the mono capped square antiprism (SAP) render the TSAP isomer more desirable for high relaxivity applications. Two systems have been developed that allow for selection of the TSAP coordination geometry in 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-type Gd3+ chelates, both based upon the macrocycle nitrobenzyl cyclen. In this paper we report investigations into the stability and formation of these chelates. Particular focus is given to the production of two regioisomeric chelates during the chelation reaction. These regioisomers are distinguished by having the nitrobenzyl substituent either on a corner or on the side of the macrocyclic ring. The origin of these two regioisomers appears to stem from a conformation of the ligand in solution in which it is hypothesized that pendant arms lie both above and below the plane of the macrocycle. The conformational changes that then result during the formation of the intermediate H2GdL+ chelate give rise to differing positions of the nitrobenzyl substituent depending upon from which face of the macrocycle the Ln3+ approaches the ligand.

Treatment of [M(CO)(6)](-), M = Nb, Ta, with Ag(+), I(2) or NO(+) in the presence of CNXyl provided [M(CNXyl)(7)](+), M(CNXyl)(6)I, or cis-[M(CNXyl)(4)(NO)(2)](+), which are isocyanide analogues of the unknown carbonyl complexes [M(CO)(7)](+), M(CO)(6)I, or cis-[M(CO)(4)(NO)(2)](+), respectively. Reduction of M(CNXyl)(6)I by cesium graphite gave the respective Cs[M(CNXyl)(6)], which have been structurally characterized and represent the first isolable homoleptic isocyanidemetalates for second or third row transition metals. Nitrosylation of [Ta(CNXyl)(6)](-) affords a rare example of a mononitrosyl tantalum complex, Ta(CNXyl)(5)NO, which is an isocyanide analogue of the unknown Ta(CO)(5)NO. This study emphasizes, inter alia, the remarkable versatility of the CNXyl ligand compared to CO in stabilizing various electronic environments at heavier group 5 metal centers.

The crystal structures of chelates formed between each stable paramagnetic lanthanide ion and the octadentate polyamino carboxylate ligand DOTMA are described. A total of 23 individual chelates structures were obtained;i n each chelate the coordination geometry around the metal ion is best described as at wisted square antiprism( torsion angle À25.08-À31.48). Despite the uniformity of the general coordination geometry provided by the DOTMA ligand, there is ac onsiderable variationi nt he hydration state of each chelate. The early Ln 3 + chelates are associated with a single inner sphere water molecule;t he Ln-OH 2 interaction is remarkable for being very long. After ac lear break at ga-dolinium,t he number of chelates in the unit cell that have a water molecule interacting with the Ln 3 + decreases linearly until at Tm 3 + no water is found to interact with the metal ion. The Ln-OH 2 distance observed in the chelates of the later Ln 3 + ions are also extremelyl ong and increase as the ions contract (2.550-2.732 ). No clear break between hydrateda nd dehydrated chelates is observed;r ather this series of chelates appear to represent ac ontinuumo fh ydration states in which the ligand gradually closes around the metal ion as itsi onic radius decreases (with decreased hydration) and the metal drops down into the coordination cage.[a] Dr.M.W oods Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

A synthetic strategy involving the use of sterically hindered N-donor and terphenylcarboxylate ligands has been used to prepare complexes of iron(II) and zinc(II) that feature N2(carboxylate) donors. X-ray crystallographic and NMR data show that the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad found in metalloenzyme active sites is closely modeled by the mononuclear complexes. In addition, by virtue of the flexibility of the ligands used, the geometries and coordination environments of the complexes display carboxylate binding mode differences such as those seen in the enzymes.