Dolphins of the genus Stenella occur in pelagic waters of both tropical and warmtemperate oceans. Three species, the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), the pantropical spotted dolphin (S. attenuata), and the spinner dolphin (S. longirostris) are abundant worldwide, but in the Caribbean Basin they have been poorly studied and information on their distribution patterns is scarce. Specifically, in Colombia's remote Seaflower Biosphere Reserve (SFBR) S. attenuata has been reported occasionally, but S. frontalis and S. longirostris have never been recorded before. To address this information gap, an ecological niche modeling approach was used to determine the potential distribution patterns of these three dolphin species in the region. Records of these species for the Caribbean Basin were compiled, including both published and unpublished data. Environmental information, including bathymetry, bathymetric slope, distance to shore, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and chlorophylla concentration was gathered from public databases (MARSPEC and Bio-ORACLE) in raster format. The maximum entropy algorithm (Maxent) for modeling species' geographic distributions with presence-only data was used. After filtering the data, 210 records of S. attenuata, 204 of S. frontalis, and 80 of S. longirostris were used to run models. The best configuration for each model was chosen based on the AICc criterion. For all three species, the final ecological niche models returned AUC

Certain fish, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), are seasonal breeders. Spermatogenesis in rainbow trout is synchronous; therefore, at any time point during this process, germ cells are predominantly at the same stage of development. As such, rainbow trout represent an excellent model in which to study spermatogenesis. Gap junctions are composed of connexons, which are themselves formed by six transmembrane proteins termed connexins (Cxs). The objectives of this study were to assess which Cxs are expressed in the rainbow trout testis, and if their expression was stage specific during gonadal maturation. Rainbow trout were killed at various stages of maturation, and total cellular RNA was isolated from the testes. RT-PCR using degenerate primers recognizing all vertebrate Cxs indicates that there are several different Cxs in trout testes. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Homology comparisons indicate that these were cx43, cx43.4, cx31, and cx30. Immunolocalization of these Cxs indicate that Cx43 was localized primarily to Sertoli cells, while Cx43.4 was localized along the lateral plasma membranes between adjacent spermatocytes. Cx30 was localized to the interstitial Leydig cells, and Cx31 was localized primarily to the endothelium of interstitial blood vessels. The expression of each Cx varied as a function of the stage of spermatogenesis, suggesting that the expression of these proteins is highly regulated. Together, these results indicate that intercellular communication in the testis is complex, involves several different Cxs, and is a highly regulated process.

Acquisition of data on animal movement when developing management strategies is a common challenge in species conservation, especially when dealing with a critically endangered species as the hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata. To reach the objective of the 2008 national action plan for Martinique Island (French West Indies), the present paper examines horizontal and vertical movements in juveniles (n = 3) and adults life stages (11 females and 2 males) of 16 hawksbill turtles. Our results reveal the strong site fidelity of individuals to their foraging grounds (mean male foraging home range: 89.3 ± 20.2 km 2 , mean female foraging home range: 336 ± 284.7 km 2 , mean juvenile foraging home range: 157.3 ± 71.2 km 2) and to the females' inter-nesting areas (mean home range: 284.2 ± 523.7 km 2). A spatial foraging overlap occurred between juveniles and males as they shared 41% of their 95% kernel foraging habitat. The turtles performed mainly long and shallow dives within the first 20 m deep around Martinique Island, occupying shallow waters close to shore. The migratory routes of the adult females revealed regional connectivity between the Caribbean islands, crossing 31 exclusive economic zones and international waters, and featuring distinct foraging grounds. This finding reinforces the significance of a cooperative network at the Caribbean scale to ensure the efficient conservation of this critically endangered species.

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Metamorphosis is a critical developmental stage in marine ¢sh species, but mortalities are also elevated at the settling phase. Our objective was to evaluate the e¡ects of di¡erent rearing systems and larval diets on survival, general condition and pigmentation of newly settled winter £ounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) juveniles. At settlement, winter £ounder juveniles were reared in two di¡erent types of tanks (plankton kreisel and rectangular raceway). The early juveniles were followed for 1 month and their condition was evaluated using biochemical indices. Juveniles did not show signs of ¢n rot and pigmentation was well developed, but they had di¡erent RNA/DNA ratios. This study highlights the fact that rearing conditions at the onset of the juvenile stage may be critical for successful juvenile production.

Marine mammals are found in every sea worldwide and are at the highest level of the marine food chain. They communicate among themselves through sounds. It is complicated to study and to characterize these populations because they spend most of their time below the surface. Nevertheless, it is possible to analyze, characterize and classify different cetacean species through the use of bioacoustics. Our study focuses on the Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), in particular on the influence of nautical tourism, i.e. whale-watching boats, in the Caribbean Sea on dolphin communications. The objective of this study was to observe the correlation between dolphin behaviours and whistles. The most appropriate methods had to be implemented in order to analyze ethoacoustic data. To achieve this, we compared a manual method with an automatic whistle detector. Then, we used different methods of projection (ACP and t-SNE) to reduce the dimension of acoustic data. We concluded by clustering the sounds versus the behavioural classes. The results showed that our automatic method was effective as different clusters were identified : pantropical spotted dolphin do not communicate in the same manner when they are surrounded by whale-watching boats, or during socialization. Therefore, acoustic survey is an efficient non-intrusive way to characterize the form of communication and to evaluate impacts of noise on cetaceans. Our method is effective and provides opportunities for acoustic surveys of anthropophonic pollution.

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