Lameness in sheep, especially in semi-extensive breeding of Dubska pramenka, which starts in the interdigital region, was the motive of our morphological and histological research, in order to and in some way, bring the structure of the interdigital sinus in correlation with the appearance of this pathological state that causes extensive economical losses in the domestic sheep breeding,. The anatomical location of the interdigital diverticulum, its histological structure, which point to abundance of sebaceous glands around the hair follicles surrounding the interdigital opening and interdigital glands in deeper layers, point to the suggestion that their secretion increases due to poor hygienic keeping conditions. Pathogens -anaerobic microorganisms, which are most commonly causing the contagious lameness find the ideal conditions for their growth and reproduction because the secretion of these glands is likely "to close" the only "air" communication -interdigital opening.

Abstract:We have performed diagnostics of sub clinical mastitis in three different cow breeds with comparison of California mastitis test results, somatic cells count at quarter level and with bacteriological findings confirmation in order to justify their appliance in mastitis diagnostics. In total, 90 cows or 360 quarters of mammary gland have been examined. In 63.3 % of the examined cows, with different racial origin, positive reaction to California mastitis test have been established. Usually, positive reaction have been found in milk of one and two quarters, with reaction intensity of one and two plus. SSC higher than 200.000 in 1 ml is established in 60 % of cases and the most often causes of mastitis were staphylococcae, streptococcae and mixed infections. With continuous use of this methods it is possible to timely detect presence of sub clinical mastitis and so to obtain satisfactory results in prevention and therapy of mastitis, as well as improvement in amount and quality of milk.

Detection of subclinical mastitis in five different breeds of cows were done on the territory of a municipality Kljuc, through all four year seasons by using the California mastitis test, at the level of the udder?s quarter with a certificate of bacteriological findings in order to justify their application in the diagnosis of mastitis. In total, 2150 cows of different breed composition: Simmental 1090, red Holstein 322, Holstein-Friesian 340, montafon 108 and various crossbreeds of 290 in total. After 1978 tested cows, 56.02% of cases had positive reactions to the California mastitis test. The most common positive reaction we found in the milk was in one or two quarters with the intensity of the reaction of one and two plus. The most common causes of mastitis were staphylococci, streptococci and mixed infections. Continuing use of these methods it is possible to timely detect the presence of subclinical mastitis and get satisfactory results in the prevention and treatment of mastitis as well as increasing the quantity and improving the quality of milk.

Leptospirosis is an acute, subacute and chronical contagious disease of animals and humans. Causative agents of this disease belong to the genus Leptospira, family Leptospiraca. As a disease of wild animals, leptospirosis is widespread through Europe. Certain wild animals (rodents, fox and wild boars) are important reservoirs and highly probable vectors for the spread of infection into domestic animals and humans. During the hunting season, hunting dogs are often in direct or indirect contact with wild animals that could be carriers of this disease, and the possibility of appearance and spreading within this cohort of dogs is very high. The main reasons for this study on the prevalence of Leptospirosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the regular contact between hunting dogs and wild animals (carriers), and the lack of dataaboutLeptospirosisinhuntingdogs.In total, 175 serum samples from 15 towns of Bosnia and Herzegovina were tested. Twelve serovars of L. interrogans were used in the microscopic agglutination test. Presence of antibodies of four serovars was confirmed. Prevalence of seropositive dogs was 15.4% (27/175). Most positive dogs had a reaction to the Pomona serovar 51.8% (n=14), while the prevalence of the Sejroe serovar was 33.3%, Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar 11.1% and Bratislava serovar 3.7%. The highest number of positive reactions 55.5% (n=15) was with serum dilution of 1:200. This study showed that most infections in dogs were caused by serovars that are currently not included in commercial vaccines. One of the most efficient preventive measure could be vaccination with the serovars most often found in wild animals, as they appear to be the most common source of the infection.

With 268 heifers in farm breeding, udder examination has been performed for clinical mastitis during 14 days after calving. From each quarter we took secretion samples and performed bacteriological analysis. From total number of heifers, 56 of them had shown clinical signs of inflammation, and 12 were bacteriologicaly positive. By bacteriological analysis mastitis pathogens had been found, even in 14 heifers without inflammation signs, at least until the end of test period. From the total number of tested heifers in 3,35% of cases Streptococcus agalactiae have been found, 4,85% coagulase positive staphilococcae (CPS) and 1,49% Corynebacterium pyogenes. Because coagulasa positive staphilococci were the most present bacteries in the period of 14 days, we made opinion that the same are the most often mastitis pathogen. Heifers with intramammarian infections like these, represent source of infection fot other non-infected animals in herd. .