This study explores the relative importance of everyday racism, empathic concern, communalism, and religiosity as predictors of pro-social involvement (i.e., volunteerism and membership in political/social justice organizations) among a sample of African American men (N = 151). Church involvement emerged as a positive predictor of the likelihood that these men were involved in volunteer work as well as the number of hours that men dedicated to volunteer work. Communalism positively predicted the amount of time (in hours per year) that men were involved in volunteer work. Subjective religiosity and the stress of everyday racism were associated with a greater likelihood of being a member of a political-social justice organization. Implications of these findings are discussed.
High-volume, home-based ES cycle training using the current training and the ES strategies can significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness and cycling power output in paraplegia but only while training is progressive. The training plateau reached by 6 months may be physiological in nature or due to the ES strategy used.
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