Our results demonstrate that migraine prevalence in metabolic syndrome was higher than in the general population.

Background/aim: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by increased calcium (Ca) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Surgical removal of the culprit hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland is the preferred treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine whether PTH-washout or cytological examination of suspicious lesions was superior in MIBI-negative patients diagnosed with PHPT. Materials and methods:We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 98 patients diagnosed with PHPT. Seventy-six patients who had positive parathyroid scintigraphy and who did not undergo parathyroidectomy in our center due to various reasons were excluded. We evaluated the remaining 22 patients with negative scintigraphy. Medical records including PTH levels in serum and washout fluid of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), biochemical data, cytological results of FNAB, and histologic reports were reviewed. Results:The patients had a mean age of 50 ± 9 (31-72) years, serum Ca of 10.9 ± 0.5 (10.3-12.7) mg/dL, serum PTH of 285 ± 156 (107.2-679) pg/mL, and PTH of washout fluid of 19,523 ± 38,632 (1410-166,000) pg/mL. Cytological evaluation revealed insufficient material in 9 patients and cells of indeterminate origin in 4 patients. Conclusion:Our results showed that when evaluating ambiguous lesions on neck ultrasound, measuring the PTH level in washout fluid of FNAB is a reliable and effective method for diagnosis of parathyroid lesions and is superior to FNAB for localization.

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Introduction. Thyroid hemiagenesis (TH) is a congenital developmental disorder. Most cases are euthyroid although hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and malignancy may develop. We present a case of hemiagenesis with Graves' disease (GD) and review the literature about the association. Case report. A 45-year-old female patient was admitted to the endocrinology department due to nausea and diarrhea. Her past medical history revealed hyperthyroidism diagnosed a year ago. On thyroid examination, right thyroid lobe was palpable, but left lobe and isthmus were not. Physical examination involving other organ systems was unremarkable except for fine tremor of the hands. Thyroid function tests revealed a high level of free T4 and T3 with a low serum TSH. Thyroid antibodies were all positive. Left lobe and isthmus were invisible on thyroid ultrasonography (US) and the right thyroid lobe measuring 44x18x12 mm was diffusely heterogeneous in echo texture. Thyroid scan using Technetium-99m showed increased homogeneous tracer uptake in the right lobe. The patient was diagnosed with TH and GD. Discussion. In case of unilateral increased uptake on scintiscan, GD with hemiagenesis must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of autonomous solitary adenoma, postinflammatory atrophy of thyroid in Hashimoto's disease, focal or unilateral subacute thyroiditis, and primary or metastatic carcinoma. It is prudent to do thyroid ultrasound along with scintigram. US is a valuable tool for the quick diagnosis of TH and differential diagnosis from other causes.

Özet: D vitamini eksikliği gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha belirgin olmak üzere tüm dünyada yaygın bir sağlık sorunudur. D vitamini pek çok fizyolojik süreçte görev alır. Türkiye'de güneydoğu bölgesinde sıcak ve kuru bir iklime sahip Diyarbakır şehrinde yaşayan kişilerde kış aylarında D vitamini eksikliğini incelemeyi amaçladık. 215 kadın ve 49 erkek katılımcının geçmiş tıbbi kayıtları değerlendirildi. Serum 25(OH)D3 düzeyleri elektrokemiluminisans (ECLIA) yöntemi (Elecsys assay on Roche Modular E170 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) ile ölçüldü. Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 41 (standart sapma 15 yaş) idi. Kesim değeri 20 ng/ml alındığında, D vitamini eksikliği oranı %94 bulundu. D vitamini düzeyi kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha düşük belirlendi (9.6±5.2 ve 14.6±5.4 ng/ml, p=0.0001). Örtünme, vücut kitle indeksi ve gelir düzeyine göre D vitamini düzeyleri farklı değildi. Ancak sedanter olanlarda D vitamini düzeyi aktif kişilere göre daha düşük idi (9.6±5.2 ve 13.3±5.7 ng/ml, p=0.0001). D vitamini eksikliği endemik bir sağlık sorunu olmakla birlikte kadın cinsiyet, sedanter yaşam ve düşük gelir grupları riskli gruplardır.