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Dose-effect titrated treatment with either metformin or glyburide promotes equal degrees of glycemic control. The former, but not the latter, is able to achieve this control without increasing body weight or hyperinsulinemia. Near-normal glycemia can be obtained by a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea, even in advanced NIDDM.

Study objective-To explore individual and social factors that could predict health care utilisation and medication among people with chronic pain in an unselected population. Design-A mailed survey with questions about pain and mental symptoms, disability, self care action, visits to health care providers, and medication. Setting-General populations in two Swedish primary health care (PHC) districts. Medical care was given in a state health system. Participants-A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1806). Main results-Among people reporting chronic pain 45.7% (compared with 29.8 of non-chronic pain persons, p<0.05) consulted a physician and 7.2% (compared with 1.2%, p<0.05) a physiotherapist during three months. Primary health care was the most frequent care provider. High pain intensity, aging, depression, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level had the greatest impact on physician consultations. Alternative care, used by 5.9%, was associated with high pain intensity and self care. Use of self care was influenced by high pain intensity, regular physical activity, and ethnicity. Alternative care and self care did not imply lower use of conventional health care. Women reporting chronic pain consumed more analgesics and sedatives than corresponding men. Besides female gender, high pain intensity, insomnia, physician consultation, social network, and self care action helped to explain medication with analgesics. Use of herbal remedies and ointments correlated to self care action, visit to an alternative therapist, high pain intensity, and socioeconomic level. Chronic pain (duration more than three months) is a common problem among people in diVerent societies. Conclusions-The

Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lidfeldt, J., Nyberg, P., Nerbrand, C., Samsioe, G., Scherstén, B., & Agardh, C-D. (2003). Socio-demographic and psychosocial factors are associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 5(2), 106-112. DOI: 10.1046106-112. DOI: 10. /j.1463106-112. DOI: 10. -1326106-112. DOI: 10. .2003 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Aim: The aim was to analyse any associations between socio-demographic and psychosocial factors and different features of the metabolic syndrome in a geographically well-defined population of middle-aged women.Methods: A population of 10 766 Caucasian women aged 50±59 years was investigated regarding biological and socio-demographic conditions, physical activity, dietary habits, aspects of quality of life, and subjective physical and mental symptoms. The screening instrument was used to discriminate subjects as positive or negative on one or more of a total of eight variables considered to be linked to the metabolic syndrome. IntroductionThe number of people suffering from diabetes is rapidly increasing, calling for actions from the health care system and society [1]. If the primary preventive work is to be successful, it is essential to analyse the total risk profile in the general population, meaning that we also must consider socio-demographic and psychosocial aspects, and not only biological factors. Obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia have convincingly been shown to increase the risk of Most studies, however, have been limited by numbers of study subjects or in their approach and variety of factors included. To our knowledge, no study has strived to perform a total analysis considering most aspects of daily life in a geographically defined population. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the sociodemographic, psychosocial and biological factors, and their possible association with features of the metabolic syndrome in a geographically well-defined population of middle-aged women. Patients and Methods SubjectsThe Women's Health in the Lund Area Study (WHILA) invited all women (n 10766; 96% being Caucasian) living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden by 1 December 1995, and who were born between 2 December 1935 and 1 December 1945, to a screening procedure taking place from 2 December 1995 until 3 February 20...