Neoglaziovia variegata is endemic to northeastern Brazil. The drought resistant plant produces edible fruits and is used as a fibre plant by rural communities in the Caatinga region where a variety of products are made from the white, soft and flexible fibres. Extracts of N. variegata have been reported to be of low toxicity and to exhibit antinociceptive effect, photoprotective potential, antioxidant effect, gastroprotective effects and antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, however, the chemical constituents of this species are mainly unknown. The novel poly-oxygenated flavone glucoside 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-flavone 7-O-β-glucopyranoside in addition to the rare poly-oxygenated flavone 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone 4'-O-β-glucopyranoside and the flavonol quercetin 3-O-(6''-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) have been characterised from the leaves of N. variegata. 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-flavone, which comprises the core structure of the novel compound, is a new flavonoid aglycone in nature. The structure determinations were based on extensive use of 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Both substances exhibited toxicity towards MOLM-13 acute myeloid leukaemia cells.

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Garden chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. is an important herb commonly applied in Norwegian large-scale commercial kitchens. This species is a highly enriched source of phenolics, containing 1260 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) 100–1 g DM, however, the individual phenolic compounds have been scarcely characterized. Here we report on the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolics in garden chervil. The structure of the main phenolic compound was elucidated to be the previously undescribed compound 1,3-dicaffeoyl-5-malonyl-δ-quinide (1) by means of 1D- and 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The known flavones apigenin 7-O-β-(2″-apiofuranosylglucopyranoside) (= apiin) (2), apigenin 7-(2″-apiosyl-6″-malonylglucoside) (3) and luteolin 7-glucoside (4) were also identified. Compound 3 is reported for the first time from this plant species. The main phenolic compound, 1,3-dicaffeoyl-5-malonyl-δ-quinide, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity towards acute monocytic leukaemia cells (MOLM-13) and rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK) with EC50 between 400 and 600 µM.