Objective: The objectives of this study were essentially to evaluate the best technique for extracting phenolic compounds from Silybum marianum leaves. Subjects and Methods: Two extraction methods (maceration and decoction), using four extraction solvents. The efficiency of the extraction methods was estimated by quantifying the total polyphenol contents by the Folin -Ciocalteu method and by determining the antioxidant power of the various extracts by the ability to trap the free radical DPPH °, and the influence of these parameters on the antioxidant activity. Results: The results showed that the extracts of the leaves by maceration have contained the highest percentage yield (24.68%); the highest content in the aqueous -methanol polyphenols extract (18.75 ± 0.55 mg GAE / g DW ) against the decoction is more effective for the extraction of flavonoids and condensed tannins. The highest content of flavonoids had been recorded for the aqueous- ethanolic extract (5.08 ± 0.57 CE mg / g DW). The water had the highest content of condensed tannin (03.86 ± 0.22 TAE / g DW). On the other hand, the aqueous -ethanolic and aqueous -methanol extract of the leaves obtained by maceration have the best antioxidant capacity (73.84 ± 5.90 EAG / g DW and 73.64 ± 5.93 mg EAG / g DW respectively) and the aqueous extract of the leaves by decoction had a better antiradical power (48.64 μg / ml). Conclusion: The extraction of phenolic compounds from Silybum marianum leaves was strongly influenced by the type of solvent and the extraction method. In addition, it is very difficult to choose an appropriate extraction solvent for all plant samples.
Objective: The present study aims at the phytochemical screening, the quantification of phenolic compounds of Gleditsia triacanthos L pods (Family Leguminosae) and the assessment of their antioxidant potential by in vitro assays. Subjects and Methods: The pods were extracted with 70% methanol and further partitioned with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The residual aqueous fraction has been also recovered. Colorimetric methods using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride and Folin-Denis were carried out to estimate total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins content of extracts. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activity. Results: In vitro phytochemical screening for all the extracts was tested and shown positive result for flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, sterols and terpenes, saponins and alkaloids. However, all the extracts were free of anthraquinones. The strongest activity against radical scavenging of DPPH was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (IC 50 = 16,288 ± 0,299 µg/ml) which contains highest amounts of flavonoids (25.160 ± 0.016 mg CE/g), whereas the chloroform fraction showed an important total antioxidant capacity (750,584 ± 129,793 mg AAE/g) with the highest amount of total polyphenols (131.667 ± 2.055 mg GAE/g). When compared to the other fractions, the aqueous fraction presented the lowest antioxidant activity for the two methods. Conclusion: These data suggest that the pods of Gleditsia triacanthos L can be a good natural source of antioxidants that can be beneficial for food and human health.
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