Nanoporous gold nanoparticles (NPG-NPs) with controlled particle size and pore size are fabricated via a combination of solid-state dewetting and a subsequent dealloying process. Because of the combined effects of size and porosity, the NPG-NPs exhibit greater plasmonic tunability and significantly higher local field enhancement as compared to solid NPs. The effects of the nanoscale porosity and pore size on the optical extinction are investigated for the NPG-NPs with different particle sizes experimentally and theoretically. The influences of both porosity and pore size on the plasmonic properties are very complicated and clearly different for small particles with dominated dipole mode and large particles with dominated quadrupole mode. Au/AlO hybrid porous NPs with controlled porosity and composition ratio are fabricated through plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of AlO into the porous structure. In the Au/AlO hybrid porous NPs, both Au and AlO components are bicontinuously percolated over the entire structure. A further red shift of the plasmon peak is observed in the hybrid NPs due to the change of the environmental refractive index. The high tunability of the plasmonic resonances in the NPG-NPs and the hybrid porous NPs can be very useful for many applications in sensing biological and organic molecules.

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Al2O3 (5 nm)/Si (bulk) sample was subjected to irradiation of 5 keV electrons at room temperature, in a vacuum chamber (pressure 1 × 10−9 mbar) and formation of amorphous SiO2 around the interface was observed. The oxygen for the silicon dioxide growth was provided by the electron bombardment induced bond breaking in Al2O3 and the subsequent production of neutral and/or charged oxygen. The amorphous SiO2 rich layer has grown into the Al2O3 layer showing that oxygen as well as silicon transport occurred during irradiation at room temperature. We propose that both transports are mediated by local electric field and charged and/or uncharged defects created by the electron irradiation. The direct modification of metal oxide/silicon interface by electron-beam irradiation is a promising method of accomplishing direct write electron-beam lithography at buried interfaces.

Monolithic structured TiO2/aerogel composites were prepared from resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer aerogel (RFA) and its carbon aerogel (RFCA) derivative. A resorcinol-formaldehyde hydrogel was synthesized in a sol-gel reaction and transformed into polymer aerogel by supercritical drying. The RFA was converted to carbon aerogel by pyrolysis at 900 °C in dry N2.Amorphous and crystalline TiO2 layers were grown from TiCl4 and H2O precursors by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 80 °C and 250 °C, respectively, on both RFA and RFCA. The substrates and the composites were studied by N2 adsorption, TG/DTA-MS, Raman, SEM-EDX and TEM techniques. Their photocatalytic activity was compared in the UV catalyzed decomposition reaction of methyl orange dye. Keywordsresorcinol-formaldehyde polymer aerogel, carbon aerogel, photocatalysis, ALD, TiO2 IntroductionBeside crystalline carbonaceous nanomaterials such as fullerene, graphene, graphene oxide, nanodiamond, carbon nanospheres, carbon nanotubes; mesoporous carbon aerogels have attracted a great deal of attention. Carbon aerogels, available also in monolithic form, have several favorable properties, for example they can be used as adsorbents or as substrates for catalysts, because of their robustness and high specific surface area [1,2]. They are also excellent thermal and phonic insulators, while conduct electricity. These properties can be tuned through their synthesis conditions. [3][4][5][6][7] Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogels, that Pekala and co-workers synthetized for the first time [8], undergo two main stages during preparation. In the first stage a hydrogel is prepared by a sol-gel process and in the second stage after drying the aerogel is obtained. The resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer aerogel becomes a carbon aerogel in a consecutive third stage, which is carbonization occasionally followed by activation. Depending on the conditions carbonization or activation influence the structural and performance characteristics, like the specific surface area, significantly [9][10][11][12].Photocatalytic carbon nanocomposites have great potential in the field of environmental remediation, water splitting and self-cleaning surfaces [13,14]. Among the various semiconductor oxide photocatalysts TiO2 is researched widely, due to being stable and nontoxic. TiO2 has ideal band gap width for the half reactions of water splitting and its composites with other nanomaterials, such as carbon nanostructures, may enhance the photocatalytic activity. However, its use still faces some difficulties, such as a narrow light response range limited to UV. The carbon nanostructure inhibits the recombination by promoting the charge separation as an electron acceptor. This effect and the widening of the wavelength response range through Ti-O-C bonds as well as modifying the photocatalytic selectivity are three advantages of TiO2 composites [3,[15][16][17][18]. Moreover, a number of studies indicates that nanoporous or nanostructured carbon materials, such as activated carbon or graphene-oxide...

Carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and coated with TiO2 and ZnO nanofilms by atomic layer deposition. Subsequently, through burning out the carbon core templates hollow metal oxide nanospheres were obtained. The substrates, the carbon-metal oxide composites and the hollow nanospheres were characterized with TG/DTA-MS, FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED and their photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The results indicate that CNSs are not beneficial for photocatalysis, but the crystalline hollow metal oxide nanospheres have considerable photocatalytic activity.

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