A hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of a viscus, or part of a viscus, through the wall of its containing cavity. A hernia can therefore occur at many anatomical locations. Abdominal wall hernias are a common problem and prevalence of this condition has been estimated as approximately 2% for all ages. This review will concentrate on abdominal wall hernias, their presentation, diagnosis and management.
Throughout its history, travel writing has not been held in the same esteem as many other forms of non-fiction writing (Youngs, 2013; Stubbs, 2015) due to issues with representation, the creative techniques used, and the subjective perspective of the writer. Despite this critique, Baine Campbell has asserted that travel writing has a ‘plurality’ (2002), which allows it to resonate across a variety of disciplines. This paper observes how a recognition of the importance of objects as evocative and creative artefacts can provide a prompt for more engaged and authentic examples of travel writing, so as to better achieve recognition as a legitimate blend of creative writing, journalism, and history writing. The research will examine the influential travel writing works of Bruce Chatwin with In Patagonia (1977) and Christopher Kremmer’s The Carpet Wars (2002) to observe how these writers use objects for significant creative and cultural guides within their explorations. By looking closer at how objects can present new ways of looking at and writing about place, I will examine how an awareness of meaningful artefacts has influenced the creative and structural choices of my own travel writing practice to better achieve a plurality of appeal that moves it beyond its past criticisms.
The last 10 years has seen a phenomenal growth in the internet which is currently used by over 200 million people around the world, including 12.5 million in the UK (NUA, 2000). This rapid growth is set to continue and by the end of the year most of Britain's 24 million mobile phone users will be able to access the web through the latest generation of telephones (Daily Telegraph, 6 January 2000). This growth in popularity stems from the internet's ease of use and the huge amount of information from around the globe that can be accessed 24 hours a day. Success has, of course, brought problems and the internet has been criticised for being slow, for containing inaccurate and even dangerous material and for being a home to viruses waiting to attack unwary surfers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.