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Dyadic synchrony between mother and child plays a role in the functioning of preschool children displaying elevated symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, and may represent a potential area for intervention that is not generally addressed in most parent management training programs.

Future investigation of the multiple components of cognitive and affective burden from opioid-induced constipation is warranted. Understanding the varied nature of this burden may improve clinical recognition and assessment and promote more intensive management consistent with the distress it produces.

These findings support the hypothesis that smoking behavior is triggered by pain, but smoking is not analgesic. Future studies should clarify potential explanatory mechanisms for this pain-related trigger and evaluate tailored cessation strategies for pain patients.

Objective To assess whether preschoolers with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behave differently during mother–child interaction tasks as a function of task palatability and whether differences are associated with the presence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods Typically developing, ADHD, and ADHD + ODD children and their mothers participated in digitally recorded interactions, which included three 5‐min tasks, differing in level of palatability/engagement and parental structure (Free Play Task = highly engaging, not structured; Paper and Pencil Task = not engaging, highly structured; Duplo Task = highly engaging, structured). Results Mixed ANOVAs revealed that positive engagement, but not structure, differentially improved the behaviour of children with ADHD + ODD. Discussion Although ADHD and ODD are associated with more negative behaviours during the mother–child interaction, those with comorbid ADHD + ODD exhibit differentially greater impairment during relatively boring tasks. Implications for treatment are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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