Background: Traumatic brain injury is a major list of health and socioeconomic problems especially in low-and middle-income countries which influences productive age groups. Differences in patient characteristics, socioeconomic status, intensive care unit admission thresholds, health-care systems, and the availability of varying numbers of intensive care unit (ICU) beds among hospitals had shown to be the causes for the variation on the incidence in mortality following traumatic brain injury across different continents. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among patients with traumatic brain injury at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted based on chart review and selected patient charts admitted from January, 2017 to January, 2022. Participants in the study were chosen using a simple random sample procedure that was computer generated. Data was entered with epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used, and in multivariate logistic regression analysis, P-value <0.05 with 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: The magnitude of mortality was 28.8%. Most of the injuries were caused by assault followed by road traffic accident (RTA). About 30% of the subjects presented with severe head injuries and epidural hematoma (EDH) followed by skull fracture were the most common diagnoses on admission. The independent predictors of mortality were male sex (
Background
Wound care procedures, commonly performed on open wounds, are associated with moderate to severe pain. Untreated or poorly controlled pain during the procedure affects patient’s quality of life. The aim of this review was to develop evidence-based protocol for pain management of wound-related procedural pain in a resource limited setting.
Methods
After formulating the key questions, scope, and eligibility criteria for the articles to be included, advanced search strategy of electronic sources from data bases and websites was conducted. Screening of literatures was conducted with proper appraisal checklist. This review was reported in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement.
Results
A total of 266 articles were identified from data bases and websites using an electronic search. 42 articles were removed for duplication and 58 studies were excluded after reviewing titles and abstracts. At the screening stage, 68 articles were retrieved and evaluated for eligibility. Finally, 33 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review.
Conclusion
Managing wound-related procedural pain improves patient’s quality of life. Proper assessment and monitoring of the pain is a key concept. Non-pharmacological strategies are equally important in managing the pain as drugs. Control of the baseline pain is essential to control the breakthrough pain associated with wound procedures. Stratifying risks for wound care related pain and appropriate intervention are important for good quality of care.
Highlights
Background
Poor knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding pain may contribute to inadequate pain management. Nurses, as the primary caregivers in the emergency department, should have adequate knowledge and a good attitude towards pain management. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitude towards pain management and other factors among emergency nurses.
Methods
A multi-center, institutional based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 nurses from May 01 to May 30, Ethiopia, 2021. Self–completed survey questionnaires were distributed using a modified and validated ‘Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP)’ tool and analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of the participants, and the results were prepared using narrations, percentages, and tables. To demonstrate the strength of the association, the crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95% CI were calculated. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant after multivariate analysis.
Result
The mean percentage score of knowledge and attitude towards pain management was 52.8% (SD = 13). Prior pain management, training, and years of work experience as an emergency nurse were associated with good pain management knowledge and attitude.
Conclusion and recommendations
The level of knowledge and attitude of emergency nurses toward pain management were poor. So, we suggest all stakeholders who participate in nursing education work together to educate nurses to a higher level of education and deliver pain management training to enhance their knowledge and attitude towards pain management.
Highlights
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