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Mango considered as a major fresh fruit used in the world and produced in several tropical and sub-tropical countries. The production of the crop has increased at alarming rate in the producing areas to feed its demands increments. It is a major fruit widely grown in Ethiopia and placed on second rank in terms of area coverage. Its production in Ethiopia is very low as compared to other countries production and potential of the crop. Even though, many factors reported by farmers, affordability agricultural inputs mainly fertilizers, pesticides and pests are the major challenges for the production of the crop. Recently, white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis is the major problem affecting mango production in Ethiopia. This pest was first reported in Loko, Guto Gidda district, east Wollega zone of the Oromia region on August, 2010. The infestation of pest has been speeded at an alarming rate and recorded from almost all mango producing areas of the country. Its population dynamics is increased from October to March and reached the highest peak on April in Didesa and Green focus sites. While, at Bako areas, the population of the pest increased from October to April and reached the highest on May. Pruning supported with insecticides decreased the infestation of the pest. But natural enemies showed promised results in South Africa; as a result in Ethiopia it is on the process to introduce these bio-agents. Integrated approaches of biological control agents, cultural practices and insecticide for the sustainable and eco-friendly management option needs further study.

Coffee is the major commodity legally traded in the world from agricultural productions. Even though, it's economically important, its production and productivity is challenged by many factors, of which insect pests are the major. Among insect pests, coffee berry borer is the most challenging insect pest of coffee throughout the globe. It is the most important biotic constraints for commercial coffee production worldwide and major concern in eastern Africa. The infestations start when the adult females bore the berry and deposit eggs inside it. Hatched larvae start to feed on the inside the berry, which leads the reduction of yield and quality of the marketable product. On the other hand, almost all the lifecycle of the insect carried out inside the coffee berry and its cryptic nature, making it diffcult to control. Additionally, global warming is particularly important for coffee because of its influence on occurrence of pests which often diminish production and quality of coffee. Increasing infestation of coffee berry borer and their management have significantly constrained economical production of coffee. The infestation of the pest is highly influenced by altitude, coffee production system, agroforestry practices, shade intensity levels and the natural enemies' diversity and populations. Many management options like cultural, insecticides, microbial and traps showed promising results under field conditions. But, using these options solely is unsustainable and ineffective for long term solutions. Then development of integrated management option for coffee berry borer is an issue in the future. And the compatibility of the promised options along with their application sequence also needs focus. The paper reviewed and identifies the research efforts should focus to increase the successfully developing an effective coffee berry borer management methods.

The production and productivity of coffee is affected by many insect pests and Ethiopian farmers get below 0.636 tons per hectare. Among insect pests Antestia bug is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the frequency of promised Entomopathogenic fungi isolates against antestia bug. The experiment was done in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. Used entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Two isolates of Beauvaria bassiana, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x10 8 conidia ml -1 and three times were used for the experiment. Completely randomized design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS software version 9.3. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates killed all the tested Antestia bugs in exposure time. The isolates applied three times reduced median lethal time by 42.13 and 38.89%, respectively as compared to with their respective one time application. The correlation result also showed that there was strong negative correlation between application frequency of isolates and median lethal times (LT 50 and LT 90 were r=-0.811 and r=-0.714, respectively). The study indicated that the more frequently applied isolates the shorter the median lethal time. This showed promising result in the microbials based insect pest management methods and need further investigations under field conditions and the effect of these isolates against natural enemies of the pest.

Antestia bug (Antestiopsis intricata) is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions in Ethiopia.Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi based management options for antestia bug control. The efficacy test of entomopathogenic fungi was done under laboratory condition in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. The entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Haramaya University and Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Seven isolates of Beauvaria bassiana (DLCO-12, APPRC-0247, DLCO-90, DLCO-56, DLCO-76, PPRC-44BC, and PPRC-27J) and four isolates of Metarhizium ansopliae (PPRC-51, DLCO23A, DLCO-91 and PPRC-02BC) species were tested for germination. Completely Randomized Design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS, GenStat and Microsoft excel. Eight isolates: APPRC 0247, DLCO 90, DLCO 56, DLCO 76, PPRC-44BC, PPRC-27J, PPRC-51 and PPRC-02BC which recorded higher germination were used for pathogenicity test against antestia bugs. All the tested isolates killed antestia bugs but their levels of efficacy differ across exposure time. Among tested isolates, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J registered complete mortality against antestia bugs and lower median lethal time, LT 50 (9.98 and 10.98 days, respectively). As a result these were taken as promising isolates and used for further isolates rate test. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x10 8 conidia ml -1 killed all the tested antestia bugs in shorter exposure time. Even though PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates showed promising results under laboratory conditions, it needs further investigations on its formulation and under field conditions. Isolations of biocontrols from natural coffee growing areas and the effect of biocontrols against natural enemies should be studied.