Currently rapid rate of urbanization and the increasing income of people leads to the generation of high quantities of waste. This makes final disposal of waste difficult. Since urbanization is faster in developing and migrate peoples to a new, modern way of life, an improved level of awareness, new skill and a learning process, the problem is more acute in developing countries. This study aims is to assess household waste management and hygienic practice. Community based cross sectional study was employed to assess the household waste management and hygienic practice among residents of Kidist mariam kebele of Yirgalem town. A total of 316 households were selected from 1, 115 households using systematic random sampling. Data was collected through interview and observation. The study discovered that majority of the households, (36%) disposed solid wastes through municipality and 95.7% of households had temporary storage means for solid waste. About 94.3% of the respondents revealed that the responsibility of waste management is left for women and girls. 83.7% of households had latrines and almost majority were simple traditional pits latrine. From those households with latrine the habit of hand-washing after defecation was reported to be about 64.3%. This study revealed that household management of waste in the community of Yirgalem town is poor in terms of their liquid waste management. More than seventy five percent of households flush away their waste water indiscriminately. But it is moderately good in terms of their solid waste management. The habit of hand washing after defecation is significantly associated with the educational status of the respondents (P<0.05). Recommendation has been given to municipality to improve the waste management system of the town.
Background Epilepsy is a common condition worldwide and has been observed to affect quality of life. Epilepsy patients have a lower quality of life than the general population as well as many other chronic disease patients. However, aside from focusing on symptom reduction, no attention is paid to the quality of life of those with epilepsy. This study aims to evaluate quality of life and associated characteristics among epilepsy patients who visited North Shoa zone hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April -May 2021 at North Shoa zone hospitals. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total number of 472 samples. Data on quality of life was assessed through interviews using the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief (WHOQOLBREF) Version. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi Data 3.1, and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis models were fitted and the unstandardized β coefficient at 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p-value <0.05. Results From a total of 472 participants the response rate was 98%. The mean score of quality of life was 57.2±12.3. Age (β=5, 95% CI: 2.301, 7.699), marital status (β=-6.914, 95%CI: -8.867, -4.961),seizure frequency (β=-.2.307, 95%CI: -4.795, .020), Anti-epileptic drug non-adherence (β=-.11.016, 95%CI: -13.642, -8.389), anxiety (β-4.062, 95%CI: (-6.503, -1.621), poor social support (β=-6.220, 95%CI: (-8.422, -4.017) and moderate social support (β=-5.58, 95%CI: -7.792, -3.368) were significantly associated with quality of life. Conclusion The mean quality of life of people living with epilepsy in this study was low. Age, marital status, seizure frequency, concomitant anxiety, antiepileptic drug non-adherence, number of anti-epileptic drugs/day, moderate and poor social support were all found to be predictors of quality of life in this study. As a suggestion, the patient treatment plan should include a quality of life assessment that addresses psychosocial concerns; professional counseling on how to cope with psychological, environmental, and social difficulties should be increased.
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