Knowing the current and the potential production amount of wheat is essential to meet the growing needs. Yield is determined by many factors. The main factors that limit the potential yield are genetic characteristics, and climatic factors such as rainfall and radiation, and management. Wheat is mostly grown in non-irrigated areas in Turkey. The most significant factors that limit dry agriculture wheat production yield in the Mediterranean climatic type are rainfall and its distribution in the growing season. A steady increase in yield is observed in Turkey in recent years. Average annual wheat production is 20.6 million tons. The potential production in this work is determined as 54 million tons. The gap is about 33 million ton. The actual production is 39% of the potential production. The average yield of the Growing Season Rainfall (GSRF) 500 mm areas is 2.2 t ha-1, and the potential yield is 8.8 t ha-1. The gap between the actual yield and potential yield is quite large. The current yield between the areas (GSRF 500 mm) is very small. So it is difficult to explain the gap just because of the rainfall.

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In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

Increases in crop yield and decreases in industrial sulfur emissions reduce the amount of sulfur (S) in the soil. Sufficient S and proper pH play an important role in achieving the targeted yield and quality of wheat. In recent years, composite fertilizers containing sulfur and mineral substances have been produced and used in wheat production as fertilizers. In this study, an investigation was made as to whether the use of such fertilizer is sufficient for sulfur fertilization. Basal fertilizer (13.25.5 + 10 (SO 3) + Zn (0.5)) (250 kg ha-1) was applied to the whole plot, and additional elemental sulfur was added. The amounts of sulfur in the plots at the end of the applications were 10, 300, 600 and 900 kg ha-1 S. One year later, the high dose (600 and 900 kg ha-1) S resulted in a decrease in pH of about 0.5 pH units, while two years later, all S doses resulted in a 1 pH unit decrease. However, the changes in the second year were not induced by the S treatments. Accordingly, no significant effect of S doses on grain protein, mineral content or yield was determined. Wheat variety and year had a significant effect on grain nutrient content. The lowest sulfur dose (10 kg ha-1 S) used in the experiment can be said to be sufficient for yield and mineral concentration.