BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to liver damage caused by long‐term heavy drinking, which causes oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota. In this paper, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of sea buckthorn fermentation liquid on ALD in mice and the interaction between ALD and gut microbiota using animal experiments and gut microbiota measurements. RESULTS We found that the contents of total flavonoids, total triterpenes and related short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in sea buckthorn fermentation liquid (SFL) were significantly greater. Liver index, kidney index, spleen index, serum indexes of liver injury – alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and spartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory factors in liver tissues – tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), oxidation indexes – malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid metabolism indexes – high‐density liptein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and triglyceride (TG), suggested that SFL significantly ameliorates liver injury caused by alcohol. By measuring gut microbiota in mice feces samples, we found that the high‐dose group of SFL reversed the declining trend of the gut microbiota Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio caused by alcohol, reducing the number of gram‐negative bacteroidetes. Patescibacteria was tightly connected with the indicators of ALD. At the genus level, high‐dose SFL significantly downregulated Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium, and improved the abundance of beneficial bacteria in Lactobacillus. In addition, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium was closely connected with the indicators of ALD. CONCLUSION Sea buckthorn fermentation liquid protected against alcoholic liver disease and modulated the composition of gut microbiota. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern, refractory disease, and studies have shown that UC is closely associated with the gut microbiota and intestinal immune barrier.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The etiology of AD is complex and remains incompletely understood. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increasingly highlighted the central role of microglia in AD pathology. As a trans-membrane receptor specifically present on the microglia in the central nervous system, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) plays an important role in neuroinflammation. GWAS data and corresponding pathological research have explored the effects of PLCG2 variants on amyloid burden and tau pathologies that underline AD. The link between PLCγ2 and other AD-related effectors in human and mouse microglia has also been established, placing PLCγ2 downstream of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Because the research on PLCγ2’s role in AD is still in its early stages, few articles have been published, therefore in this paper, we integrate the relevant research published to date, review the structural features, expression patterns, and related pathways of PLCγ2, and summarize the recent studies on important PLCG2 variants related to AD. Furthermore, the possibility and challenge of using PLCγ2 to develop therapeutic drugs for AD are also discussed.

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is regarded as a public health matter, and its effective prevention and treatment are urgently required. However, the treatment of hyperlipidemia is still relatively scarce. RESULTS: Fermented Cerasus humilis fruit (FCHF) had higher total flavonoid, total phenolic, procyanidin, and organic and free amino acid content, and lower total sugar content, than non-fermented C. humilis fruit (NFCHF). Both FCHF and NFCHF treatment significantly prevent putting on weight. Furthermore, FCHF administration ameliorated hyperlipidemia and cholesterol over-accumulation. In addition, FCHF administration activated the antioxidase system and decreased the malondialdehyde content to relieve oxidative stress, and showed more efficaciously than NFCHF administration. FCHF treatments significantly reverse the fat deposition in high-fat diet rat liver. FCHF supplementation can relieve the dysbacteriosis induced by hyperlipidemia, and regulate the composition of rat gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Prevotella and norank_f_Muribaculaceae.CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation enhanced the antihyperlipidemic property of C. humilis fruits by promoting gut microbiota regulation.