Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Some evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be associated with PCOS clinical parameters, but little is known for the association between vaginal microbiome and PCOS. Objective To determine differences in the vaginal microbiome between women with PCOS and healthy control women. Research design and methods In this case‐control study, the women with newly diagnosed PCOS (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 40) were included from the hospital and maternal and child health centre, respectively. The vaginal swabs were collected, and microbiome structures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The screening values for potential bacteria biomarker for PCOS were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. Results There was significant difference in vaginal bacterial structures between PCOS and healthy control women. The vaginal bacterial species in the PCOS group were more diverse than the control group (Simpson index for PCOS group vs. control group: median 0.49 vs. 0.80, P = .008; Shannon index: median 1.07 vs. 0.44, P = .003; Chao1 index: median 85.12 vs. 66.13, P < .001). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the PCOS group was significantly lower than controls (P = .001), and the relative abundance of Mycoplasma and Prevotella was higher than controls (P < .001, P = .002, respectively). The Mycoplasma genus could be a potential biomarker for PCOS screening, as ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.901‐0.999). Subgroup analyses also showed these associations would not change among the women with the same BMI level and vagina cleanliness grading. Conclusions In the vaginal microbiome, the Mycoplasma genus was associated with PCOS. Further research is required to explore causal correlations between PCOS and the vaginal microbiome.
Background Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety (DA) is associated with pain and patient satisfaction related to dental procedures. However, relevant reports are limited and inconsistent in oral implant patients. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anxiety, pain perception, and analyze their interrelationship in Chinese patients with oral implant surgery. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed according to the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guideline. Consecutive patients who received oral implant surgeries during February‐March of 2018 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were recruited. The modified dental anxiety scale and visual analog scale were used to evaluate the level of the patient's DA and pain perception. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influence of DA on pain perception of patients during oral implant surgery. Results The prevalences of moderate and high preoperative DA were 66.6% and 11.9% in Chinese patients with oral implant surgery, respectively. Seven points eight percent of patients experienced pain perception during surgery. The result of multiple logistic regression showed that there was no significant influence of moderate preoperative DA (OR = 2.0, 95%CI: 0.5‐8.2) on pain perception. However, a significant influence of high preoperative DA (OR = 6.4, 95%CI: 1.3‐30.8) was found on pain perception of patients with oral implant surgery. Significant influences of moderate perioperative DA (OR = 5.0, 95%CI: 1.1‐22.9) and high perioperative DA (OR = 8.7, 95%CI: 1.1‐69.9) were also found on pain perception of patients during oral implant surgery. Conclusions The results of the study indicated that DA was very common in Chinese patients with oral implant surgery. DA may increase pain perception of patients during oral implant surgery.
BackgroundSelecting the most efficient vaccination schedule is an important issue.ObjectiveTo assess the beneficial and harmful effects of accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedules in high-risk healthy adults.MethodsWe searched controlled trial registers of The Cochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for randomized controlled trials published up to December 2013 that compared accelerated hepatitis B vaccine schedules to the standard schedule in adults. The results were presented as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. Fixed or random effect models were used for analysis.ResultsWe identified 10 randomized trials, all with one or more methodological weaknesses. Compared to the standard schedule, most accelerated schedules resulted in higher proportions of healthy vaccines more rapidly reaching anti-hepatitis B antibody levels >10 IU/L (P<0.05) initially and maintaining similar seroprotection rates after 6 months (P>0.05). Although accelerated schedules produced anti-hepatitis B levels higher than the standard schedule for the first month after the initial vaccine dose, they were significantly lower than the standard schedule after 6 months, except for an accelerated schedule that called for a fourth booster injection 12 months after the initial dose. Subjects administered accelerated vaccine schedules had similar compliance rate as those administered the standard schedule over the first 6 months of vaccination (relative risk = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.21).ConclusionFor rapid seroconversion and almost immediate short-term protection, accelerated vaccination schedules could be useful for at-risk groups. However, additional studies on the long-term protection and effectiveness of the primary doses of accelerated schedules are necessary.
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