Background:As the population ages, the number of older adults aged 65 and over is increasing. Increasing age is associated with an increased risk of oral disease and cognitive decline. Older adults with cognitive impairment can experience poor oral health due to reduced self-care abilities, yet the impact of various oral health indicators on the cognitive abilities of older adults remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the relationship between various oral health indicators and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. Methods:A cross-sectional study of 234 older adults aged 65 years or over was performed between June and September 2022. This study developed a data web platform specifically to screen and intervene with older adults with MCI, using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS) to measure MCI. Oral health status was measured by subjective and objective assessment tools, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Results: The univariate analyses revealed that older adults with poor oral health indicators of dental caries, chewing ability, oral and maxillofacial pain, self-perceived oral health, and OHRQoL had lower cognitive levels. The stepwise logistic regression analysis observed that higher literacy level (OR=0.064, 95%CI=0.007, 0.567) and OHRQoL score (OR=0.920, 95%CI=0.878, 0.963) were negatively associated with the presence of MCI. Conclusions:OHRQoL was found to be independently associated with MCI, implying that OHRQoL may be important in mitigating cognitive decline. The GOHAI scale can be used to more easily and reliably assess the oral health of older adults, which is important for the timely detection of poor oral conditions to delay cognitive decline. Medical workers should develop programs to improve the OHRQoL of older adults and improve the cognitive performance of those with poor OHRQoL.
Background: Nursing educators have integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into current postgraduate medical education (PGME), but face significant obstacles to high-quality instructional design and scientific teaching methods. Enquiry-based learning (EBL) has already branched out into online and blended learning in undergraduate teaching, but this has not been proved in the postgraduate nursing education in China. This pilot study aimed to assess the impact of EBL model on learning outcomes in TCM courses by examining objective performance and subjective perceptions of student course performance. Methods: All students attending Rehabilitation Nursing of TCM course in the academic year 2017-2021 were included in this study and they were divided into two groups. The EBL group was taught using a EBL program containing three phases. The LBL group was taught using traditional lecture-based learning (LBL). This mixed-methods pilot study included a retrospective quantitative phase and a prospective qualitative phase, and we assessed participants' course performance, course satisfaction, and course experience. Results: We observed there were significant differences between the two groups in their scores on the Project report (p<0.05) and Curriculum paper (p<0.05), but no significant difference between the final course scores of the two groups (p=0.056). The EBL feedback forms results show that EBL students were satisfied with the teaching objectives, content, methods and process. The results of the qualitative data indicated that students had a very positive overall experience with EBL and perceived it to play a role in the Rehabilitation Nursing of TCM course, mainly in the three themes of teaching, learning and psychology. Conclusions: In this study, EBL model was introduced into TCM course teaching for the first time. Our findings indicate that EBL is a powerful educational strategy and it is effective for Chinese postgraduate education. EBL model provides a positive learning opportunity for nursing postgraduates, and can lead to an improvement in students' performance in TCM courses.
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