In recent years, development and progress in modern packaging resulting from degradable natural resources have grown remarkably. In this study, chitosan–polyaniline film was prepared with a combination of different concentrations of polyaniline and various synthesis times to produce antimicrobial and biodegradable packaging film. The physical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the films were investigated. The interaction between chitosan and polyaniline was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction patterns. The size and morphology of the synthesized particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the synthesized polyaniline particles had a spherical shape (45–100 nm). The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the films against Aspergillus niger fungi (antifungal area: 61.47 mm2) and Escherichia coli bacteria (antimicrobial area: 187.27 mm2) increased with increasing the concentration of polyaniline. The results obtained from the study of the effect of polyaniline on the electrical conductivity of the chitosan film showed that increasing the polyaniline concentration and synthesis time resulted in decreased electrical resistance of the film, for which the film with the highest aniline concentration and the highest synthesize time had the lowest resistance. According to the mechanical property results, tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus were increased due to the addition of the polyaniline to the polymer matrix. The chitosan blank film had a lower TS than nanocomposites. As the final results, the chitosan–polyaniline film has good electrical conductivity, indicating that the produced film could be used in intelligent food packaging.
Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) are important heterocyclic compounds owing to their excellent biological activities and have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical applications. Recently, numerous DHPM derivatives have been prepared. This review covers the synthesis of DHPMs and improved procedures for the preparation of DHPMs from 1995 to 2016.
The study shows that the presence of absolute neutrophilia during the first 12 hours after AMI can predict the occurrence of CHF. This association may help identify high-risk individuals, who might benefit from more aggressive interventions.
In this study, chitosan-polyaniline nanocomposite film was prepared in combination with different concentrations of polyaniline at various synthesis times. Surface morphology, antioxidant properties, water solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), color properties and light transparency properties of the films were investigated. The size, shape and morphology of the synthesized particles were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The results indicated that the synthesized polyaniline particles were spherical and in the range of 45–70 nm. The results obtained from the study of the effect of polyaniline on the physical properties of the chitosan film showed that increasing polyaniline concentration and synthesis time causes a decrease in the rate of the water solubility and water vapor permeability. This is an important factor in expanding its use in food packaging. The results of the colorimetric studies showed that the polyaniline sharply changed the surface color of the film. Polyaniline also increased antioxidant properties of composite film. Investigating the light transmission and transparency of the films showed that the polyaniline reduced the transparency and transmission of light, which could be used to package products that are susceptible to oxidation in the light.
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