BACKGROUND:Physical activity is highly beneficial to health. These benefits are so important and indispensable for adolescents.AIM:The aim of this study was to investigate the Physical activity stage of change and its related factors in the male secondary School students of Sarableh city.MATERIAL AND METHODS:In a cross-sectional study, 261 male secondary School students possessing the eligibility criteria were selected using the simple random sampling technique. After giving their informed consent, the students filled the stage of change questionnaire and the structures of the transtheoretical model in a self-reporting manner. Using SPSS.21, the data were analysed through One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test with a 0.05 level of significance.RESULTS:The mean age of the students was 16.16±0.89 years. According to the stage of change, 26.8 per cent (n = 70) were in preaction stages (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation) and 73.2 per cent (n = 191) were in action and maintenance stages. The one-way ANOVA revealed that awareness is raising, self-reevaluation, counter conditioning and reinforcing management differed significantly across stages (P < 0.05). However, this difference is not significant for other cognitive and behavioural processes (P > 0.05). According to the findings, increase in the self-efficacy, pros and decrease in cons was found by students’ progress in the Physical activity stage of change (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Self-efficacy and processes of change are warranted when designing Physical activity stage interventions in the adolescents.
Purpose. The present study is aimed at predicting the physician's specialty based on the most frequent two medications prescribed simultaneously. The results of this study could be utilized in the imputation of the missing data in similar databases. Patients and Methods. The research is done through the KAy-means for MIxed LArge datasets (KAMILA) clustering and random forest (RF) model. The data used in the study were retrieved from outpatients' prescriptions in the second populous province of Iran (Khorasan Razavi) from April 2015 to March 2017. Results. The main findings of the study represent the importance of each combination in predicting the specialty. The final results showed that the combination of amoxicillin-metronidazole has the highest importance in making an accurate prediction. The findings are provided in a user-friendly R-shiny web application, which can be applied to any medical prescription database. Conclusion. Nowadays, a huge amount of data is produced in the field of medical prescriptions, which a significant section of that is missing in the specialty. Thus, imputing the missing variables can lead to valuable results for planning a medication with higher quality, improving healthcare quality, and decreasing expenses.
Background and objective: The consumption of calcium-rich foods among pregnant women has always been one of the challenging issues of the health care system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on Pender’s HPM on the calcium intake of pregnant women. Materials and method: The pregnant women at three to five months were recruited using convenient sampling method and randomly assigned either to the control (n=37) or intervention (n=36) groups referred to the health centers in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019, 2020. Interventions were implemented based on the structures of Pender’s HPM with three assessments at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after a one-month follow-up. The food frequency questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 25. Results: There is no significant difference between the intervention and control groups at baseline (P<0.05). According to the independent sample t-test, all constructs of the Pender’s HPM except for interpersonal influences were significantly improved in the intervention rather than control groups (P>0.05). The repeated measure ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in the effect of the intervention on the constructs of the knowledge (F=9.40; P-value=0.001), perceived benefits (F=17.24 ; P-value=0.001), perceived barriers (F=40.80 ; P-value=0.001), perceived self-efficacy (F=10.90; P-value=0.001), activity-related affect (F= 14.85; P-value=0.001), interpersonal influences (F=21.51 ; P-value=0.001), commitment to a plan of action (F=20.20 ; P-value=0.001), and immediate competing demands and preferences (F=9.4; P-value=0.001) between the intervention and control groups. However, a significant difference was not observed in the construct of situational influences (F=1.20; P-value=0.296). The ANOVA demonstrated that the calcium consumption significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the HPMchanged the nutritional behavior of calcium-rich food consumption among pregnant women. The use of Pender's HPM is recommended to improve nutritional behaviors. A theory-based educational intervention in the health care system can fill the gap in the successful implementation of nutrition education programs.
Background and objective: The consumption of calcium-rich foods among pregnant women has always been one of the challenging issues of the health care system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on Pender’s HPM on the calcium intake of pregnant women. Materials and method: The pregnant women at three to five months were recruited using convenient sampling method and randomly assigned either to the control (n=37) or intervention (n=36) groups referred to the health centers in Kermanshah, Iran in 2019, 2020. Interventions were implemented based on the structures of Pender’s HPM with three assessments at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after a one-month follow-up. The food frequency questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 25. Results: There is no significant difference between the intervention and control groups at baseline (P<0.05). According to the independent sample t-test, all constructs of the Pender’s HPM except for interpersonal influences were significantly improved in the intervention rather than control groups (P>0.05). The repeated measure ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in the effect of the intervention on the constructs of the knowledge (F=9.40; P-value=0.001), perceived benefits (F=17.24 ; P-value=0.001), perceived barriers (F=40.80 ; P-value=0.001), perceived self-efficacy (F=10.90; P-value=0.001), activity-related affect (F= 14.85; P-value=0.001), interpersonal influences (F=21.51 ; P-value=0.001), commitment to a plan of action (F=20.20 ; P-value=0.001), and immediate competing demands and preferences (F=9.4; P-value=0.001) between the intervention and control groups. However, a significant difference was not observed in the construct of situational influences (F=1.20; P-value=0.296). The ANOVA demonstrated that the calcium consumption significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the HPMchanged the nutritional behavior of calcium-rich food consumption among pregnant women. The use of Pender's HPM is recommended to improve nutritional behaviors. A theory-based educational intervention in the health care system can fill the gap in the successful implementation of nutrition education programs.
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