Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the financial literacy among university students in Malaysia.Methods: Data for this study was collected through self-administered questionnaire and distributed through convenient sampling method. A total of 105 completed and usable questionnaires have been collected. Pearson Correlation analysis and multiple regression tables were used to determine the interrelation of different variables in financial literacy.Results: Empirical results show that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of education, and money attitude towards the dependent variable of financial literacy, while there found no relationship between financial socialization agents and financial literacy. Conclusions:This study is important so as to understand how these independent variables affect the literacy rate of young adults. Efforts may be put to strengthen those variables in order increase the literacy rates of those university students.

This study examines the role of perceived risk and perceived benefit in improving the online intention among Generation-Y in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to identify the valid measure of perceived risk and perceived benefit as the result with, associated with online intention among Gen-Y in Malaysia. In addition, this research proposes a new research framework on online intention by referring to numerous antecedent literatures of online intention. The conceptualization of consumer perceived risk and perceived benefits of this study provides empirical evidence in the study of online intention. Four types of risk, such as delivery risk, privacy risk, quality risk and time risk and four types of benefit such as shopping convenience, product selection, ease of shopping and shopping enjoyment were used to examine their impact toward online intention. In this study, a total of 200 questionnaires is distributed by the researcher which focus specifically on Gen-Y in Malaysia. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis are employed in order to test the hypothesis and examine the relationship between the variables. The finding confirmed that all the dimensions of perceived risk and perceived benefit have played an important role in improving the intention of consumers to shop online. All the dimension of perceived risks has a significant negative relationship toward online intention and all the dimension of perceived benefits has a significant positive relationship toward online intention. In fact, this study provides useful assistance for online marketers to develop an effective marketing strategy in targeting Generation-Y consumers at the same time, they can get a broad overview about the risks and benefits of online intention where it leads to increase the involvement of Gen-Y in online shopping.

Abstract:Employees creativity has been recognized as a crucial part of an organization's ability to be innovative. To know which factors contribute to employee involvement in creative work, in this paper, we first examine the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to employees. Moreover, we study the employees' positive work attitudes and their intention to leave as a mediating mechanism to explain the effect of CSR to employees on the involvement of employees in creative work. Survey data from 209 employees in 45 small-sized enterprises in Iran were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical regression analyses using SPSS software. The results support the direct impact of CSR to employees on employees' creative work involvement. In addition, the findings indicate that the indirect effect of CSR to employees on the involvement of employees in creative work through positive work attitudes and their intention to leave are significant. Consequently, small-sized enterprises should reinforce CSR to employees to elevate their involvement in creative work.

Many governments worldwide have been investing heavily in e-Government project as a strategy to provide the best governmental services to citizens. However, many governments and academic researchers recognized the problem of low-level of citizens' adoption toward e-Government services. Bahrain e-Government Authority is one of the governments that suffer from the lack of citizens' adoption of e-Government services, what caused serious problems to the authority. Therefore, this study is dedicated to address the factors that affect citizen's intention to adopt e-Government services from cultural, awareness and trust perspectives. Regression analysis is conducted to determine the relationship between culture, awareness and trust with adoption of e-Government. The results of the regression test showed strong evidence of a significant relationship between culture, awareness and trust and adoption of e-Government. However, the test indicated that trust had the highest level of relationship toward e-Government adoption. These results reveal that trust construct should be more considered by the e-Government authorities in Bahrain because it has a considerable impact on citizens' intention to use e-Government services. This will enable the authority to take actions to enhance citizens' trust, what will increase the rate of e-Government adopters.

Embracing green innovation is one of the most common elements for improving the firm's environmental performance. In a business environment with high level of bureaucratic corruption, companies can easily neglect their environmental accountability. Therefore, strong motivations are needed to prompt or force companies to acknowledge their environmental responsibility. To discover which types of companies embrace green practices, this study explored the association between customer relationship orientation—as a part of the firms' culture—and the adoption of green product and process innovation via a mediator, market‐focused learning. Results from two surveys of 224 small and medium‐sized enterprises in Iran post‐sanction (late 2016 and early 2017) showed that the adoption of green product and process innovation is higher among small and medium‐sized enterprises with customer‐oriented corporate culture. In addition, this research verified that market‐focused learning was an underlying mechanism through which customer‐oriented corporate culture was related to the adoption of green product and process innovation. Accordingly, this study identified the extent to which companies' building a “constant relationship with customers” was a suitable way to identify those companies' going green and showing more environmental accountability in a bureaucratic corrupted environment.

This paper provides fresh evidence concerning the threshold relationship between the shadow economy and financial development. Shadow economy is quoted as an obstacle to sustainable development and therefore the role of financial development is examined in this paper to tackle the issue of shadow economy. It is based on panel data of 29 developed and developing countries over the period of 1975–2015 and use of panel threshold model. Three proxies for financial development—liquid liabilities, private credit to deposit money banks, and stock market capitalisation—were utilised to obtain the threshold value of US$33,600 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. This threshold helps to determine the impact of financial development on the size of the shadow economy. Empirical results suggest that above this threshold, financial development significantly contributes to the reduction in size of the shadow economy while it has no impact for countries that have per capita income below this threshold. This implies that, countries with lower per capita income (below $33,600) should implement policies to improve accessibility to finance and credit market which leads to a sufficiently higher per capita income that in turn allows for a reduction in the size of the shadow economy.

This research explores the relationship between various variables that may influence the behavioural intention to use internet banking such as social influence, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, and trust. One of the main aims of this study is to find out the predictors of internet banking adoption and identify these factors. Further objectives include to investigate whether the independent variables namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and trust affect the behavioural intention to use internet banking. This study has been conducted in Maldives and it will focus on the internet banking users of central bank of Maldives namely Bank of Maldives. A questionnaire was developed using the variables from UTAUT model with an added variable of trust. A total of 150 respondents were collected using simple random sampling. Regression analysis and Correlation analysis was also carried out to determine the relationships between all the dependant variable and independent variables. The results showed that three variables were found to have less significance to the dependant variable of behavioural intention to use internet banking. These three variables are effort expectancy, social influence and trust.

The main aim of this paper is to examine the threshold impact of financial development and trade liberalization on income inequality as a measure of sustainable development in a sample of developed and developing countries using panel threshold analysis. Two major dimensions of financial development are considered: liquid liabilities and stock market capitalization. The empirical results revealed that financial development reduces income inequality only in countries where their GDP per capita is above ~US$11,000. It has no significant impact in reducing inequality in developing countries. This implies that institutional reforms in less developed and developing countries are necessary in order to reap the gains from financial development. Trade liberalization is found to have a positive impact on income inequality for both country groups—that is, trade benefits have worsened the income distribution.