Introduction
Overweight increases the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and serves as a major risk factor for arthropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This condition is becoming increasingly prevalent among patients with haemophilia (PWH). Different forms of exercise training could favourably modify weight‐related complications, cardiovascular risk factors and the inflammation.
Aim
To investigate the effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A.
Methods
Forty‐eight patients with moderate haemophilia A, aged 35‐55 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 25‐30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 12), aerobic (AT, n = 12), combined training (CT, n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The patients participated in 45‐minutes exercise sessions three times a week for 6 weeks. Waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, fat‐free mass, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training.
Results
There was significant decrease in WC, WHR, BMI and weight in the AT, RT and CT groups as compared to the control group. Total HJHS scores decreased in the AT, RT, CT groups compared to the control groups (P ≤ 0.001). The decrease in hs‐CRP, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the CT group was significant compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.02). The increase in IL‐10 and adiponectin was not significant in the RT, AT and CT groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion
CT was the most effective training mode for decreasing the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti‐inflammatory markers in overweight patients with haemophilia A.
Several studies have examined the cognitive profile of people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (IQ > 70), and its relationship with the symptoms of ASD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). However, no data exist on the similarities or differences in this profile in less affluent countries. The present study examined the cognitive profile and its relationship with the symptoms of ASD and ADHD in 30 subjects aged 6–16 years with high-functioning ASD and compared the results with those of 30 typically developing (TD) subjects. In line with previous research findings, the WISC-IV cognitive profile analysis of subjects with high-functioning ASD showed a good competence in Matrix Reasoning and weaknesses in Comprehension, but the main distinguishing point was the competence in processing speed in both groups. In the present study, the Verbal Comprehension Index correlated negatively with the communication symptoms, and the Working Memory Index correlated positively with the social symptoms in the ASD group. Given the similarities that exist between the results of the present research and previous studies, it may be concluded that there are similarities in the cognitive profile of individuals with ASD.
Introduction
Muscular atrophy and overweightness develop arthropathy in persons with haemophilia (PWH), and exercise increases their muscle strength and decreases their body weight. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography may be a non‐invasive, safe, valid, and reliable tool to investigate muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) after exercise training.
Objectives
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) and combined resistance and aerobic training (CT) on MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A.
Materials and methods
Forty‐two persons with moderate haemophilia A with a mean age of 35–55 years and a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to three groups of 14, namely RT, CT, and control. The RT group performed 40 minutes of RT, and the CT group performed 20 min of RT and 20 min of aerobic training. The PA and MT of the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were measured before and after the intervention using B‐mode ultrasonography.
Results
Significant increases were observed in the MT of VM, VL, MG, BB, and TB and PA of VM, VL, and MG in the RT and CT groups compared to the control group (p < .001). No significant differences were observed between the intervention groups.
Conclusion
Both RT and CT were effective in enhancing MT and PA in overweight persons with moderate haemophilia A.
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