In this study, the Ji-developed model for modeling the young modulus of nanocomposites was suggested to predict interphase thickness (Y) and modulus (Ei). The resulting model was evaluated for accuracy by comparing it to the experimental young moduli of various samples. Additionally, the effects of using a compatibilizer or modified nanocellulose on the interphase thickness and modulus of nanocellulose composites are investigated. Those samples exhibiting the highest Y and Ei parameters are TPS/NFC, PA6/NCC, and PVA/NCC, which can form hydrogen bonds with nanocellulose hydroxyl groups due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds. When compatibilizers are applied to nanocomposites or modified nanocellulose is applied in the polymer matrix, interphase parameters increase. In PLA/NFC composites, MA coupling agents were used to increase Y by 4000%, while Ei increased by 1045%. Moreover, the Y and Ei of CNCs modified with aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) in polyamide-6/NCC increased from 0.35 to 0.69 (97.14%) and 35.26 to 58.7 (66.47%). The Ji model was also investigated with and without considering the interphase thickness. As a result, the model became better fitted to experimental young modulus results by considering the interphase parameter in nanocomposites.
Abstract-We describe studies of the interaction of ≅ ≅400nsduration, multiline (2.6-3) µ µm HF laser with enamel tissue. The etch rate experiment showed an ablation threshold fluence of 47 Jcm -2 but using the dispersion theory for optical coefficients of n and k for enamel at dominant laser lines, this value reduced to ≅ ≅25 Jcm -2 making it more comparable with other investigations. The main mechanism of enamel ablation at 2.78µ µm where its absorption is very high thought to be due to microexplosive evaporation of water within enamel matrix ie. thermomechanical decomposition. Also, using photothermal deflection technique showed that at fluences below threshold a considerable amount of heat was emitted from the surface which was detected as a single compressive wave. The spectroscopic studies indicated that calcium was the main chemical element observed in plasma spanning from (420-620)nm.
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