Summary Distributed generation is an interesting way to provide electricity, especially for areas that are far from the electrical grid. Because of the unpredictable nature of renewable sources, centralized control schemes are not reliable. In this paper, a robust distributed controller was designed for an isolated hybrid power system (IHPS) with a static synchronous compensator. To this end, a multi‐unit hybrid wind‐diesel system was investigated. Kharitonov's theorem was used for designing robust PI controller parameters of the IHPS. Moreover, the system stability analysis was conducted by Kharitonov polynomials according to the zero inclusion principle, Hurwitz matrix stability examination, and Mikhail's criterion. By suggesting and accomplishing several scenarios, the performance and robustness of the proposed controller were inspected under different disturbances. For the purpose of ability comparison, the pure PI and fuzzy‐PI controllers tuned by the GWO algorithm were applied. Simulation results showed that dynamic responses of the power system were improved by the proposed controller. Furthermore, the results emphasized that the proposed Kharitonov's theorem‐based controller was robust against large disturbances.
Natural-gas and electric power systems and their corresponding markets have evolved over time independently. However, both systems are increasingly interdependent since combined cycle gas turbines that use natural gas to produce electricity increasingly couple them together. Therefore, suitable analysis techniques are most needed to comprehend the consequences on market outcomes of an increasing level of integration of both systems. There is a vast literature on integrated natural-gas and electric power markets assuming that the two markets are operated centrally by a single operator. This assumption is often untrue in the real world, which necessitates developing models for these interdependent yet independent markets. In this vein, this paper addresses the gap in the literature and provides analytical Nash-Cournot equilibrium models to represent the joint operation of natural-gas and electric power markets with the assumption that the market participants in each market make their own decisions independently seeking the maximum profits, as often is the case in the real world. We develop an analytical equilibrium model and apply the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) approach to obtain Nash-Cournot equilibria for the interdependent natural-gas and electric power markets. We use a double-duopoly case to study the interaction of both markets and to derive insightful analytical results. Moreover, we derive closed-form analytical expressions for spot-market equilibria in both natural-gas and electric power markets, which are relevant and of practical significance for decision makers. We complement the double-duopoly study with a detailed sensitivity analysis. Index Terms--Electric power market, natural-gas market, Nash-Cournot equilibria, analytical equilibrium model.
The load frequency control of power systems is often carried out using methods that are dependent on the system load and parameters. Therefore, the controller design is not robust in unforeseen cases such an attack on the power system, variations in system parameters, or changes in load. In such methods, there is a need for an attack detection tool, and moreover, the controller parameters need to be adjusted as the load and power system parameters change. In this paper, Kharitonov's theorem was applied to design a robust decentralized load frequency control for a two-area power system in the presence of electric vehicle fleets as a power source that were targeted by a cyberattack. Furthermore, the robustness of the system against system nonlinearities was demonstrated by testing the efficacy of the controller on both linear and nonlinear systems. The controller design was robust such that there was no need to change the gains of the controller even during an attack. This was compared with the performance of controllers designed using GWO algorithm and fuzzy logic that needed retuning for different case studies with different variations in system parameters, load, or inclusion of a cyberattack to the electric vehicle fleets.
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