Thermal stability in nonoxidizing atmosphere of a polyetherimide (PEI) is investigated by thermogravimetry (TG). It is observed that thermal degradation of this product consists of two overlapping processes, which are conveniently separated by fitting the TG curves to mixtures of generalized logistic functions. Thus, each process is represented by a single function. The analysis of the fitting parameter values obtained for the main degradation process in different isothermal and heating ramp conditions allows to obtain insightful kinetic parameters (critical temperature, energy barrier, and reaction-order) which allow to make predictions in both isothermal and nonisothermal contexts. There is a minimum temperature for each process to occur and a ramp-energy barrier related to the process rate. In the ramp context, the values of these two parameters explain that, although one process starts at lower temperature, it proceeds at a very low rate until reaching temperatures at which the other process goes much faster. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42329.
ResumenTras observar la ausencia casi total de escritoras en los contenidos sobre literatura en la Educación Secundaria, y en particular en la asignatura de Literatura Universal de Bachillerato, en este trabajo se propone su necesaria incorporación. Para ello se ofrecen una serie de claves, pues no se trata de una mera sustitución o adición, sino que la incorporación de diversas voces femeninas debe complementarse promoviendo el interés de su estudio, así como con una reflexión crítica sobre los motivos que han provocado su ausencia de la tradición literaria. Mediante dos escritoras inglesas, Aphra Behn y Charlotte Lennox, cuya transcendencia como novelistas es equiparable a la de sus coetáneos masculinos del siglo XVIII, se ejemplifica esta incorporación. Palabras Clave: Universal Literature, Baccalaureate, curriculum, canon, women writers, Aphra Behn, Charlotte Lennox.
AbstractAfter observing the almost total absence of women writers in contents about literature in the Secondary Education, and particularly in the subject of Universal Literature in Spanish Baccalaureate, this study proposes their necessary incorporation. Consequently, several key ideas are offered, since a mere substitution or addition are not enough and the incorporation of a number of women's voices needs to be complemented by an interest in their study, along with a critical thought on the motives which have provoked their absence of the literary tradition. Two English writers, Aphra Behn and Charlotte Lennox, whose importance as novelists is comparable to their eighteenth-century male counterparts, are the examples employed.
This paper analyses the didactic miscellany collections for young female readers by the English writer Charlotte Smith. In these texts, through dialogues and conversations, the young protagonists are seen to learn from their daily experiences of walking in the natural world. Smith’s texts also offer remarkable examples of girls on the move in another sense, in that some of the young female protagonists appear to be escaping from distressing family and financial circumstances, in search of better life opportunities.
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