Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the commonest cause of nosocomial infections. Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain has become a matter of concern. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical samples. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 28122018010). Six hundred sixty-six sample size was calculated. Convenient sampling was done. Staphylococcus aureus was identified on the basis of its microscopy and morphological characteristics followed by catalase and coagulase test. Antibiotic sensitivity test of misolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. Statistical analysis was done by Excel 2018, point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of the 666 bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, 133 (19.96%) were Staphylococcus aureus at 95% confidence interval (129.91-136.01%). Seventy nine (78.95%) of which is isolated from pus and wound infections. Out of 133 Staphylococcus aureus, 70.64% were Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information regarding the high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from pus and wound infections. The alarming number of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is worrisome finding. Antibiotics like Vancomycin and Linezolid which has not developed resistance should be cautiously used only in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus cases.

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infestation is one of the major health problems in developingcountries like Nepal. This study was done to determine the prevalence rate of intestinal parasiticinfestation among school children in Duwakot VDC, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 194 public school children of Duwakotvillage development committee from August to October, 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained fromthe Institutional Review Committee (reference no. 1207201915). Simple random sampling was done.One hundred and ninety-four public school children individuals of 6 to 14 years of age were enrolled.Collected stools were examined for the presence of parasites macroscopically and microscopically.Microscopic examination was carried out by direct wet mount using normal saline (0.9%) and Lugol’siodine (0.5%) mount. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences version 16.0. Results: A total of 194 stool samples were collected from school children and examined. Theprevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 26 (13.40%). The commonest organism was Giardia lambliain 22 (11.34%) cases. Among helminthic infection, 2 (1.03%) cases each were infected by Hymenolepisnana and Hookworm respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of intestinal parasite infestation in Nepal shows considerabledecline in recent years. However, more effort is required by public health resources to minimize theproblem further.

Introduction: The issues of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remain the leading cause of ill health among adolescents worldwide and are of growing concern in Nepal. The correct knowledge of condoms is integral part of SRH. The present study was carried out to assess and compare the knowledge about condoms among adolescents in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Aim: To study, assess and compare the knowledge about condoms among adolescents in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The sample was derived through cluster sampling of the secondary schools in the Kathmandu valley. Schools were selected randomly and two hundred and fifty adolescents were taken from each government and non-government high schools. Result: Altogether 500 adolescents were recruited for this study. A total of 298 (53.0%) participants said that condoms reduced pleasure. Most women don't like to use condoms was agreed by 291 (55.6%) people and it was statistically significant (p value < 0.05) when compared between males and females. Using condoms with new partner is a good idea was agreed upon by 448 (81.0%) participants. Women should ask their partners to use condoms was answered by 480 (88.1%) and discussing condom use with prospective partner is easy was agreed by 417(79.0%) and both the issues were also statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: It was found that the knowledge about condoms was not adequate and the knowledge among male participants was in general better than females. Key words: Adolescents, Condom, Sexual and reproductive Health DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2455 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 18-22

Background: Bacterial colonization of central venous catheter carries risk of developing catheter-related blood stream infections. The purpose of this study is to find out the frequency of colonization of by different bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.. Materials and Methods:A total of 53 tip were received in one-year duration for culture and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The isolated organisms were identified by standard microbiological procedure and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity. Results:Out of 53 tip sent for culture and sensitivity, 21 (39.6%) showed significant growth. Out of 21 culture positive 52.3% were gram negative bacilli, 33.3% were gram positive cocci, 4.8% were Candida spp. Acenitobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were frequent pathogens isolated. Gram negative bacteria were less sensitive to antibiotics whereas gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Though various organisms were isolated as colonizer of CVC, Acenitobacter baumannii is the most common colonizer. Antibiotic resistance has already emerged and represents a major problem.

Introduction: Human Skin is the largest organ of the body and may mirror the presence of benign/malignant systemic diseases in different ways. The pattern of Skin diseases vary in different parts ofNepal due to differences in socioeconomic and geographic factors. This retrospective study, pattern ofskin disease in Army Hospital likely reflects the pattern of disease in the Kathmandu Valley.Aim: To study, assess and compare the different patterns of skin disease in the patients attending theoutpatient department in the year 2007 and 2008 in the Army Hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study and all the new cases which were diagnosed in the Department ofDermatology in the years 2007 and 2008 were included. The diseases were classified as Papulosquamous,Vesicobullous, Connectivetissue disorders, Skin and Soft tissue tumours, Infective, Eczema, SexuallyTransmitted Disease (STI), Leprosy and those skin diseases which were not coming under this formatwere classified as others.Result: The total number of cases recorded in the Department of Dermatology were 16828 in the year2007 and 18643 in 2008. It was found that the infective group of disorders were the largest group ofdisease, in the year 2007 a total of 6135 (36.4%) and in 2008 a total of 7883 (42.2%) had suffered from thisgroup of disorders. And the incidence of infective disorder was also statistically significant when both theyears were compared p-Value:0.00, OR:1.16, CI:1.11-1.21. Similarly other large groups were Eczema,papulosqumous and sexually tranmitted disease.Conclusion: It was found that the disease pattern in this study was lead by infective disease followed byeczema, papulosquamous disease and sexually transmitted disease.Key words: Eczema; Papulosquamous; VesicobullousDOI:  10.3126/mjsbh.v9i1.3484Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(1) 2010 14-16