Background/Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidant and antioxidant status in children with different grades of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). Subjects/Methods. A total of two hundred fifty (250) children (age range: 6 months to 5 years) living in eastern UP, India, were recruited. One hundred and ninety-three (193) of these children had different grades of PEM (sixty-five (65) children belong to mild, sixty (60) to moderate, and sixty-eight (68) to severe group). Grading in group was done after standardization in weight and height measurements. Fifty-seven (57) children who are age and and sex matched, healthy, and well-nourished were recruited from the local community and used as controls after checking their protein status (clinical nutritional status) with height and weight standardization. Redox homeostasis was assessed using spectrophotometric/colorimetric methods. Results. In our study, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), plasma Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD,EC 1.15.1.1), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and ascorbic acid were significantly (P < 0.001) more decreased in children with malnutrition than controls. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were significantly (P < 0.001) raised in cases as compared to controls. Conclusion. Stress is created as a result of PEM which is responsible for the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). These ROSs will lead to membrane oxidation and thus an increase in lipid peroxidation byproducts such as MDA and protein oxidation byproducts such as PC mainly. Decrease in level of antioxidants suggests an increased defense against oxidant damage. Changes in oxidant and antioxidant levels may be responsible for grading in PEM.
BACKGROUND:Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasms originating from the arachnoid cap cells and constitute between 13% and 26% of all intracranial tumors.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to analyze the age-, sex-, and site-wise distribution of different histological patterns of meningiomas seen in our center and to assess the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and proliferation marker Ki-67 in various grades of meningioma.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective study was done in 90 cases. Patients presented with symptoms of headache and seizure and underwent subsequent excision surgery at Neurosurgery Department were taken. We have studied histological typing and grading of the tumors, and immunohistochemical staining was done for ER, PR, and Ki-67.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Two-group comparison was done using Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. Comparison of Ki-67 expression between Grade 1 and Grade 2 meningiomas was determined using Mann–Whitney U-test. Comparison of ER and PR status between different histological grades was done by Fisher's exact test. Two-tailed P < 0.001 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:According to histological type, meningothelial meningioma is most common (38.8%) followed by transitional (22.2%). PR positivity is seen in 96.34% of Grade 1 tumors, and all Grade 2 tumors were PR negative (Fisher's exact test P < 0.001). About 3.66% of Grade 1 and all Grade 2 tumors were positive for ER (Fisher's exact test two-tailed P < 0.001). Mean Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 2.57 ± 1.674 among Grade I tumors, 7.11 ± 1.084 in Grade II meningiomas.CONCLUSIONS:Most of Grade 1 meningiomas show PRs positivity and lack of ERs positivity. Meningiomas with higher proliferation index and negative PR are very likely to be Grade II or Grade III. Evaluation of ER, PR status, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) with histological evaluation helps us in providing information about the biologic behavior of meningiomas.
Background:Several studies using animal models have shown that oxidative stress during pregnancy may play an important role in causing birth defects. Congenital anomalies affect an estimated 270,000 newborns who die during the first 28 days of life every year from different birth defects. Hence, at present many research works are going on to reduce the infant mortality from congenital anomaly.[1]Objective:The objective was to measure the oxidant and antioxidant level in the serum of newborn babies with the congenital anomaly and compare these levels with age and sex matched normal neonates. This is to identify any role of oxidative stress in the causation of congenital anomaly.Materials and Methods:This case-control study included 159 participants: 106 newborns with the congenital anomaly and 53 healthy newborns. The markers of oxidative stress like serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl (PC) level, and the activity of antioxidants such as Vitamin C, glutathione were measured in both cases (neonates with congenital anomaly) and controls (normal healthy neonates). These parameters were statistically compared.Results:MDA levels and PC levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001), and Vitamin C and reduced glutathione levels were significantly lower (P < 0.0001), in newborns with congenital malformation than in healthy newborns. Conclusions: Increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of congenital anomaly. Impairment of the free radical/antioxidant balance is leading to increased free radical damage in neonates with congenital malformation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.