Soils from four different cassava cropping fields (Aniansué 1, Aniansué 2, Dramanekro 1, Dramanekro 2) were analyzed to evaluate abundance and diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi associated with cassava rhizosphere in Abengourou, East Côte d'Ivoire. It was shown that the soils in the cassava cropping fields were all acidic with low levels of available phosphorus (P). A total of 29 species belonging to six different genera (Acaulospora, Ambispora, Claroideoglomus, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora) were found at Aniansué 1, 28 species belonging to six different genera (Glomus, Claroideoglomus, Acaulospora, Ambispora, Gigaspora, Pacispora) were found at Aniansué 2, 30 species belonging to six different genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Ambispora, Gigaspora, Pacispora, Scutellospora) were found at Dramanekro 1 and 27 species belonging to five different genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Ambispora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora) were found at Dramanekro 2. The genus Glomus was dominant at each cassava cropping field. Spore densities were high, positively correlated with both soil pH and Mg 2+ , but negatively with available P. Trap culture revealed good infection potential for all soils. The frequencies of mycorrhizal roots were more than 93% for all field soils.

Sustainable agriculture with use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is an emerging farm management that improves crops nutrient and water use efficiency. Decision making on the effect of AMF is still dependent on agronomic diagnosis which is long, tedious, expensive and destructive. This study demonstrates the applicability of proximal fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for evaluating and detecting at early stage distinct types of mycorrhized plantain from two cultivars (Musa paradisiaca).Visible-near infrared (400-1000 nm) reflectance and fluorescence data were collected from control and three levels mycorrhized plants designed in randomized and complete block under greenhouse conditions. Two spectral measurements at a week interval were performed on plant leaves by using an USB spectrometer mounted with an Arduino-based LED driver clip.A new normalized reflectance water NWI5 index shows with Datt5 alone highly significant differences at P<0.001 respectively for Orishele and fhia21 cultivars. dNIRmin920_980, NDVI3 and GI reflectance index are significant at P<0.01. Seven other reflectance and 3 fluorescence indices ANTH, FRF_R and NBI_R are significant at P<0.05. The two first principal components for each cultivar spectral features explaining 94.1 % of variance were used to build predictive classification models. LogitBoost algorithm indicates accuracy of 90.27% on stratified cross-validation and 87.5% on test split. Our results confirm that fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy is a valuable tool for early assessment of mycorrhization success rate evaluation and pattern recognition. They also show promise for the development of non-destructive and cost-effective detectors in monitoring crops under biofertilizers with arbuscular mycorrhizae.