INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) has prospectively collected data on patients with renal tumors since Jan 1st, 2011 from 16 sites within 14 academic centers in 6 provinces. Canadian kidney cancer experts have used CKCis data to address several research questions. The goal of this study was to determine if the CKCis cohort is representative of the entire Canadian kidney cancer population, specifically regarding demographic and geographic distributions. METHODS: The CKCis prospective cohort was analyzed up to Dec 31, 2018. Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics were analyzed including location of patients’ residence at the time of CKCis entry. Geographic data is presented by province, rural versus urban via postal code info (2nd digit=0) and by Canadian urban boundary files. To determine the proportion of RCC patients that CKCis captures, CKCis accruals were compared to projected Canadian Cancer Society RCC incidence in 2016-2017 and the incidence from the 2016 Canadian Cancer Registry. To determine if the CKCis baseline data is representative it was compared to Registry data and other published data when Registry data was not available. RESULTS: This CKCis cohort includes 10,298 eligible patients: 66.6% male, median age 62.6 years, 14.6% had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and 70.4% had clear cell carcinomas. The CKCis cohort captures about 1,250 patients per year, which represents approximately 20% of the total kidney cancer incidence. The proportion of patients captured per province did vary from 13% to 43%. Rural patients make up 17% of patients with some baseline differences between rural and urban patients. There appears to be no major differences between CKCis patient demographics and disease characteristics compared to national data sources. Canadian heat maps detailing patient location are presented. CONCLUSIONS: CKCis contains prospective data on >10,000 Canadian kidney cancer patients making it a valuable resource for kidney cancer research. The baseline demographic and geographic data do appear to include a broad cross section of patients and seem to be highly representative of the Canadian kidney cancer population. Moving forward, future projects will include determining if CKCis cancer outcomes are also representative of the entire Canadian kidney cancer population, and studying variations across provinces and within rural versus urban areas.

Background Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a reportedly rare disease that causes recurrent severe airway obstruction. Etiologies reported for SGS include idiopathic, iatrogenic, autoimmune, congenital, and traumatic, with variable ratios among different centres. From empiric observation, southern and central Alberta was hypothesized to have a disproportionate distribution of SGS driven by increased idiopathic SGS (iSGS) compared to previous literature. Identification of causative agents of iSGS will help understand and guide future management options, so this study aimed to characterize the demographics of SGS subtypes, define prevalence and incidence rates of iSGS in southern Alberta, and geographically analyze for clustering of iSGS prevalence. Methods SGS patients from Alberta census divisions No. 1–9 and 15 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subtyped according to etiology of SGS and characterized. Idiopathic SGS prevalence and incidence was assessed; prevalence was further geographically segregated by census division and forward sortation area (FSA). Significant clustering patterns were assessed for using a Global Moran’s I analysis. Results From 2010 to 2019 we identified 250 SGS patients, who were substantially overrepresented by idiopathic patients (80.4%) compared to autoimmune (10.0%), iatrogenic (7.6%), congenital (1.2%), and traumatic (0.8%). The total iSGS prevalence was 9.28/100,000 with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.71/100,000 per year. Significant clustering was observed (Moran’s index 0.125; z-score 2.832; p = 0.0046) and the highest rates of prevalence were observed in southern Alberta and in rural communities heterogeneously dispersed around Calgary FSAs. Conclusion In southern and central Alberta, iSGS patients were disproportionately over-represented in contrast to other subtypes with the highest prevalence in southern Alberta. There was a three-fold higher annual incidence compared to previous literature demonstrating the highest rates of disease reported worldwide. Future research aims to expand the geographical scope and to assess for demographic or environmental differences within significant clusters that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Level of evidence III. Graphical Abstract

Urban-Rural differences in Cardiac Arrest outcomes: a retrospective population-based cohort study, CJC Open (2022), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cjco.2021.12.010. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.