La Moringa oleífera es una planta que se utiliza como materia prima en diferentes industrias, como la alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética. Una de las partes aprovechables del árbol es la semilla debido a su contenido entre un 30 y 45 % de aceite. Sus propiedades terapéuticas potencian su uso en el tratamiento de más de 300 enfermedades. En esta investigación se caracterizó el aceite extraído de las semillas de Moringa oleífera de las variedades de origen cubano Supergenious, Plain y Nicaragua, a partir de extracciones sólido-líquido con hexano y etanol como disolventes y por el método de prensado mecánico de la variedad Nicaragua. A través de un diseño de experimento 2K se analizaron las variables relación soluto-disolvente, tiempo de extracción, y la granulometría seleccionándose las corridas con mayores valores de porcentaje de extracción. Los aceites correspondientes a la selección se caracterizaron fisicoquímica y fitoquímicamente y los valores se compararon con variedades de diferentes regiones reportadas en la literatura. Se demostró que el método de prensado es eficiente, económico y no influye en las propiedades del producto obtenido. Palabras clave: Moringa oleífera, extracción sólido-líquido, análisis fisicoquímico, prensado mecánico, cromatografía gaseosa.

The Civil Engineering course teaches different subjects in its academic program, which has in their educational task to offer knowledge to students, their intervention in the environmental space, within the framework of their actions as future civil engineers. The objective of the research is to reflect on the knowledge acquired in the environmental training of students of the civil engineering career. For this purpose, the standardized survey technique was used with structured questions that collected the work of the educational program of the race and was applied to 75 students of the different levels. The result obtained allowed to know to what extent the environmental training of students, has repercussions on the preparation of future civil engineers, in addition to the degree of concern for environmental problems and the predisposition to work in order to reduce the impacts derived from the professional practice of The Civil Engineering, taking into account the implication of the sustainable development in the academic formation. During the investigation it was verified that students are aware of the importance of preservation and respect for nature through the use of clean energies, where they have expressed concern about contamination and depletion of natural resources. The results obtained can have a positive influence on the constructive future of the province, depending on the implementation of an appropriate sustainable development policy.

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The aim of this work was to study the convective drying of tomato skin as by-product of tomato processing industry and the influence of this operation on the lycopene content extracted with Moringa oleifera oil. The effect of combining of air temperatures (40, 55 and 70 °C) and air velocities (1, 2 and 3 m/s) on the drying kinetics of tomato skin were studied. Diffusional and empirical models were fitted to the experimental data. The effect of the drying conditions on the lycopene content was determined from its extraction in moringa oil. Temperature and air velocity combination had a significantly (p > 0.05) influence on the drying kinetic. This combination can promote a reduction on the lycopene content. Drying process was satisfactory described by diffusional and empirical models and their coefficients were reported for the material investigated. A threshold range of air velocity with influence on the external resistance to the moisture transfer was detected.