These functional loses can be quantified at the population level by multiplying the prevalence of those disorders by the average level of disability associated with them, it is estimated that 50 million years of life are lost because of these disabling morbidities. It is a crosssectional and descriptive epidemiological research. The sample consisted of 1356 individuals. For the evaluation on mental disorders -stress, anxiety and depression -BECK's inventory and Lipp's stress questionnaire were utilized. It was verified that adults are more stressed (64.5%) than the elderly (60.1%). Regarding the anxiety and depression levels, adults had higher diagnostic numbers, with 27% and 17,8%, respectively, against 24,9% and 16,4% among the elderly. With high global prevalence, being considered a public health problem. It's worth pointing out that in our finding, the highest prevalence was of stress in adult population, however, it was verified in data analysis a linearity in relation to the proportions between adults and the elderly, leading to the understanding that adults with mental disorders tend to be elders with mental disorders. The incentive of healthy habits, a favorable environment for the practice of leisure and social life, are responsible factors for the most effective prevention in order to reduce the morbidity burden of mental disorders.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a promising therapy for rehabilitation of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we discuss studies on the impact of tDCS as a therapy for autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, as well as the tDCS’ mechanism of action, and propose future paths of research to optimize tDCS treatment protocols. The mechanism underlying tDCS effects is the modulation of excitatory and/or inhibitory activity, making it a valuable tool for restoring the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance which is disrupted in many neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical studies have shown that tDCS therapy is well-tolerated by patients and seems to ameliorate behavior and cognitive functions. Alterations in early development of neuronal circuits lead to disruptions in brain activity in neurodevelopmental disorders. An increasing amount of research into the effects of tDCS on neuronal activity has provided a foundation for its use as a therapy for behavior and cognitive characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical studies show that tDCS appears to ameliorate behavioral and cognitive outcomes of patients with autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of tDCS and to optimize treatment protocols.
Resumo: A adolescência é um período em que ocorrem mudanças físicas, psicológicas e comportamentais, as quais podem afetar a percepção da imagem corporal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre a percepção da imagem corporal com indicadores antropométricos em adolescentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, analítica, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A população foi composta por 103 adolescentes com idade entre 10 a 19 anos. Os participantes responderam um questionário sóciodemográfico, a Escala de Silhuetas de Kakeshita, e por fim, foram submetidos a uma avaliação antropométrica. A associação entre as variáveis foram avaliadas usando-se os testes de qui-quadrado de Pearson, com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Houve associação significativa entre a imagem corporal e circunferência abdominal. Constatou-se também que a maior parte dos adolescentes apresentava índice de massa corporal e circunferência abdominal dentro dos parâmetros ideais, entretanto, muitos se consideravam insatisfeitos com a sua imagem corporal.Palavras-Chave: Autoimagem. Circunferência Abdominal. Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Jovens. Association Between Body Image Perception with Anthropometric Indicators in AdolescentsAbstract: Adolescence is a period in which physical, psychological and behavioral changes occur, which can affect the perception of the body image. In addition to all these changes there is a charge from society to have a "perfect body", thus increasing the degree of dissatisfaction with the image itself. The present study aimed to analyze the association between body image perception and anthropometric indicators in adolescents. It is an exploratory, analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The population was composed of 103 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Participants answered a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Kakeshita Silhouettes Scale, and, finally, underwent an anthropometric evaluation. The association between the variables was evaluated using the Pearson chi-square test, with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). There was a significant association between body image and abdominal circumference, the most dissatisfied with their own image were individuals who were overweight. It was also verified that the majority of the adolescents presented body mass index and abdominal circumference within the ideal parameters, however, 74% considered dissatisfied with their body image. Thus, the results indicate the need to develop public policies aimed at combating the stereotype of the beauty pattern and prevention of eating and image disorders, including adolescents with a normal anthropometric profile.
Parasitoses in Brazil represents a serious public health problem, by affecting mainly the poorest population, with little access to education and basic sanitation. It is estimated that millions of people around the world are afflicted with parasitic infections from eating contaminated food. The present study had as objective to evaluate the presence of helminths and protozoa in fruits marketed in open fairs in Vitória da Conquista-Ba. Forty samples were analyzed, by including guava, lemon, apple and grape, by the method of spontaneous sedimentation Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934). The results showed that 70% of the fruits presented positivity for some type (kind) of parasite, with guava being the most contaminated fruit (90%). The highest prevalence was of helminths (Ascaris lumbicoides (n = 92), Ancylostomideo (n = 18), Taenia sp (n = 8) and Enterobius vermiculaes (n = 2), followed by protozoa (Balantidium coli, Entamoeba coli (n = 11) .The high frequency is associated to the inadequate handling of these fruits, as well as to the inefficiency of the sanitary conditions of the commercialization place, by recommending measures of sanitary education from the merchants and the population consumers.
In finance, it is quite usual to assume that a process behaves according to a previously specified target generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic process. The impact of rumors or other events on this process can be frequently described by an outlier responsible for a short‐lived shift in the process mean or by a sustained change in the process variance. This calls for the use of joint schemes for the process mean and variance. Since changes in the mean and in the variance require different actions from the traders/brokers, this paper provides an account on the probabilities of misleading and unambiguous signals of those joint schemes, thus adding insights on their out‐of‐control performance.
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