O artigo, primeiramente, procurou realizar um breve apanhado histórico da recente crise haitiana de 2004 bem como da atuação da comunidade internacional na prestação de auxilio por meio da Missão das Nações Unidas para a estabilização no Haiti – MINUSTAH. Posteriormente, o texto buscou apresentar o hodierno fluxo migratório de haitianos para o Brasil, suas razões, objetivos e consequências. Por fim, analisaram-se as medidas tomadas pelo governo brasileiro com vistas a lidar com a recente imigração proveniente do Haiti. As interpretações dos dados foram feitas de forma qualitativa.

O artigo propõe realizar uma análise sobre a cooperação no setor de biocombustíveis entre Brasil e África durante o governo do Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010). O estudo procurou, ademais, elencar os principais projetos, tratados e memorandos assinados pelo Brasil, visando à promoção dos combustíveis renováveis na África.

Abstract:Over the past five years, the South Atlantic region has become a central element of Brazilian security policy, with Brazil actively supporting the notion of a trans-oceanic security consciousness involving African littoral states. It has invested in diplomatic initiatives such as the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZPCSA, or ZOPACAS), and extensive military co-operation with West African states such as São Tomé e Príncipe, Namibia and Cape Verde. Its internal security and defence policy documents have repeatedly been updated to reflect this dimension, and now provide the foundation for advancing these initiatives. This policy thrust is directed at securing Brazil's offshore oil assets, and limiting the influence of what it has termed 'extra-regional powers' such as the P-5. This article highlights these initiatives and reviews the prospects for this policy by examining the plausibility of the South Atlantic region as a regional security complex in the sense coined by Buzan and Waever. The analysis is based on the role of geographical and linguistic proximity in international relations, and the impact of multilateral bodies on building support for a regional approach to security governance.

The potential for major spills from pipeline and rail transport, as well as along oil-transit highway routes, has highlighted the need for establishing land-based sites to contain and control spilled oil. However, the guidelines for designating containment (C-) sites has to date been unclear. From work in several countries, the following rules are suggested: (1) every location along the pipeline/railway/highway route should have a designated C-site. (2) Locations where water courses could be reached by spilled oil should be prioritized for C-site location. (3) C-sites in flat areas with no spill movement expected can use a ‘typical’ location within that area. (4) The spacing along the route to evaluate potential spill flow should be 50 m (150 ft) or preferably less. (5) C-sites must be placed in locations which enable sufficient time for response equipment to reach it before the oil does; topography and stream flow must be considered realistically. (6) At least two C-sites must be placed on all water courses (creeks/streams/rivers) that can be affected; the second site being necessary if the first fails or is insufficient. (7) Maps (e.g. topographic or GoogleEarth) should indicate a realistic flow pattern from the route by which oil can reach the related C-site. (8) For water courses, C-sites should be selected for accessibility to both banks, ability to safely deploy and retrieve equipment, sufficient space for equipment laydown and oil storage, and ability to capture oil (low flow velocities and stream width). While there are many formats for displaying C-sites, combining route sensitivity maps containing the physical, biological, and socio-economic characteristics of the area with the C-sites, provides a comprehensive single-map format for displaying C-site location, road access to the C-site, and emphasizes the importance of why oil should be contained at that location. In cases where a long cultural history is present in the area, the combination map also provides warnings regarding archaeological and cultural heritage sites that may be affected by cleanup operations along the route or near a containment site.

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O Mercosul e a importância de uma legislação ambiental harmonizada * Mercosur and the importance of a harmonized environmental legislation ResumoO presente artigo propõe uma breve análise da construção do Mercado Comum do Sul -Mercosul, e procura demonstrar que, apesar dos avanços no processo da integração política e econômica do bloco, houve pouco progresso na questão do desenvolvimento sustentável e nas questões ambientais, temas que ocupam um lugar secundário na agenda de integração do Mercosul. Na primeira parte do trabalho, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e histórico de fontes primárias e secundárias, com vista a apresentar o desenrolar das discussões e o aprofundamento do processo de integração do Cone Sul.Posterirormente, o presente trabalho, por meio de coleta e da organização da legislação ambiental de cada Estado-membro do bloco, procurou demonstrar que as normas ambientais e as relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentá-vel das nações signatárias do Tratado de Assunção não estão harmonizadas.Além disso, não há uma política comum de proteção e de sustentabilidade ambiental no processo de integração regional sul-americano. Por fim, buscou apresentar que a questão ambiental, juntamente com o desenvolvimento sustentável, atualmente, são temas em destaque nas relações internacionais.A harmonização da legislação sobre esse assunto nos Estados-membros do Mercosul, desse modo, faria com que houvesse redução nas diferenças no tratamento ambiental e menor conflito entre normas dos participantes do bloco. Essa, ademais, evitaria a transferência de investimentos empresariais de um país para o outro como forma de burlar a legislação ambiental de determinado Estado, além de elevar a credibilidade do Mercosul como um fórum responsável, maduro e atento às novas demandas da agenda internacional. Palavras-chave:Mercosul. Meio ambiente. Desenvolvimento sustentável.Harmonização legislativa. AbstractThe present article proposes a brief analysis of the construction of the Southern Common Market -Mercosur and tries to demonstrate that, despite the advances in the process of political and economic integration of the regional bloc, there is little progress on the issue of sustainable development and on the environmental problems, subjects that occupy a secondary place at the integration agenda of Mercosur. In the first part of this paper, it was realized a brief bibliographical and historical survey of primary and secondary sources, in order to present the development of the discussions and the deepening of the integration process. Afterwards, through the capture and the organization of the environmental legislation of each Member State of the

Reducing the number of offshore incidents that release oil or hazardous substances into the environment and optimizing the timeframe between detection and contingency during those incidents are the biggest challenges for the oil and gas industry. Important aspects of prevention and response include technological assessment of equipment and procedures. More even the actions and protocols for the detection and monitoring of oil spills. One action among all the above can be the key issue, that is to reduce the time between the detection and the action. Thinking on this issue so important to the industry it is quite clear that one of the segments that seem that need still to be developed is the detection phase. The increasing of a detection even more precise is crucial for an effective contingency action. Questions like the area of the spill, the thickness of the spill, the location of the source and the type of the oil, still come up recurrently during an emergency situation. In this poster presentation proposal we would like to present a new concept of integration technology for precise detection of the spill using airborne technology and HF radar. Airborne remote sensing in combination with real time data provided by coastal HF radars can be a powerful tool for precise oil spill detection. If in one hand, Airborne remote sensing can have on board sensors (far range and near range) that can identify (SLAR), measure the area (IR) and thickness of the spill (microwave radiometer), even during the night, in a single georeferenced base, the HF radar can provide information of a large area data from surface current (direction and intensity) that can optimize flight planning and predict next actions based on current prediction modeling. The airborne can survey the area in a wide coverage awareness situation or in a closer tactical decision making support. With all these tools integrated in one single cartographic base it is possible to meet the fundamental criteria of BAST(best available and safest technology) that encourage the industry to always search for the cutting edge technology for better and safer offshore operations.

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