Introduction: The endocannabinoid system is composed of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2, their endogenous agonists, anandamide endocannabinoids and 2-aaquidonoilglycerol (2-AG). It is assumed that 2-AG is the binding receptor of cannabidioids to the Central Nervous System. CB1 inhibits the release of GABA and glutamate from pre-sinaptic terminals, being responsible for the ability to modulate neurotransmission as a mechanism of neuroprotection of CB1 against excitotoxicity. This action provides a good justification for such mechanisms to be investigated as therapeutic targets for severe neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Development: Cannabidiol is more related to neuroprotective activity, tolerable at higher doses and less cardiovascular and psychological risks, THC to psychotropic effects, since there are medications that contain both substances, there should be a control of its prescription and care for self-medication. Final Considerations: Although we know that cannabidiol has an impact and medicinal value, more studies need to be done, and there should be greater rigor on composition and concentrations, due to the high power of interaction with other substances and their toxic power when used erroneously. Finally, it is known of its beneficial potential for various neurodegenerative diseases.
Introduction: Cryptococcosis is an infectious fungal disease caused by the yeast of the genus Cryptococcus, mainly Cryptococcus neoformans. It is characterized by being opportunistic and systemic, potentially fatal, which affects humans and some wild and domestic animals, presenting as reservoirs the feces of birds, mainly pigeons, acquired by the inhalation of fungal spores. Yeasts inhaled from the environment can settle in the lung and increase its polysaccharide capsule to inhibit phagocytosis and opsonization, causing symptoms ranging from fever and cough to serious conditions such as meningitis. Objectives: To describe the clinical and radiographic aspects of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompromised patients. Methods: Qualitative literature review, based on exploratory readings of articles in the Scielo and Google Scholar databases. Results: Pulmonary cryptococcosis is the second most frequent form of the disease, often seen in immunocompromised hosts, with a wide variety of radiological abnormalities. The lungs can be localized or disseminated. Pulmonary manifestations can vary between asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, the latter presenting with an infectious condition such as fever, cough, chest pain, weight loss, purulent sputum and respiratory failure. Among the radiographic findings, solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules, lobar consolidation, cavity lesions, reticular or nodular infiltrate, increase in hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes, pleural effusion, linear opacities, septal thickening and endobronchial lesions predominate. In immunocompromised patients, cryptococcosis can be severe and rapidly progressive, requiring prolonged antifungal treatment. However, in immunocompetent patients, recovery occurs spontaneously, without the need for antifungal treatment. Conclusion: Since in isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis the clinical presentation is nonspecific and the radiological pattern is non-pathognomonic, it is important to clarify the differential diagnosis with other pulmonary mycoses and primary or metastatic lung neoplasms, allowing the early diagnosis of the disease, in order to prevent the development of serious conditions, which can lead patients to death.
Introduction: Puerperal psychosis is a concept not included in recent editions of the DSM. They do not give a formal classification. Only the specifier “postpartum” can be added to other diagnoses. Filicide, in general, is an unusual situation, but when it occurs, it has an impact on society. Commonly, it is a situation related to postpartum mental disorders, however, this association does not always exist, being related to several factors. By definition, infanticide is the intentional death of children in the first months of life by the parents, whereas neonaticide is the murder of a newborn within the first 24 hours of life by its mother. The objective of this review is to understand the most emblematic risks during the puerperium in order to evaluate ways to avoid tragic outcomes. Methodology: This is a literature review study, with a qualitative approach. A search was carried out in the PubMed and SciELO databases with the descriptors “neonatal psychosis”, “puerperal phychosis”, the selected articles were published between 2013 and 2020. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine articles were selected, all in English . Results: Studies have been carried out to better understand the causes of infanticide, these are closely related to a variety of biological, psychological, economic and social factors. So researchers have used animal studies to identify potential biological causes of infanticide. Bullies often suffer from psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, depressive disorder, personality disorders, bipolar disorder. However, it was seen that social and economic factors were more linked to filicide than mental illness. Regarding psychiatric illnesses, it was seen that severe Major Depression was more correlated with infanticide than Psychotic Disorder without depressive symptoms. In relation to neonaticide, Personality Disorders were more linked. The review highlighted that income inequality plays an important role in the public health of children, in the same way that Infant Mortality is positively related to poverty, the infanticide rate is linked to desperate economic situations. Conclusion: It is difficult to obtain accurate figures on the incidence of child homicide, since many cases will never be discovered, which makes studies difficult. Furthermore, those most likely to commit such crimes tend to be in conditions where health care is poor or avoids the system. Thus, it is necessary that health professionals are trained to recognize and guide families at risk.
Introduction: The practice of regular physical exercises brings numerous benefits in addition to when combined with adequate nutrition, which has been increasingly stimulated as a way of preventing chronic diseases, improving bone mass, acquiring adequate body mass index, in addition to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, more rigorous training regimens adopted by athletes in the reproductive period can cause hormonal changes, even stopping menstruation. By combining ovulatory dysfunction, low bone mineral density and an energy deficit, we have the female athlete triad. Objective: objective of the present study is to verify the prevalence of these physiological alterations in elite athletes in response to exercise. Methodology: To obtain a current analysis, a bibliographic review of the published works was carried out and inserted in the PUBMED, LILACS and SCIELO databases, crossing the keywords “amenorrhea”, “athlete” and “menstrual disorders”. As a result, articles were obtained that provide an overview of the latest updates on the topic. Results and discussions: Hypothalamic amenorrhea is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea, and its occurrence is due to a defect in the release of the GnRH hormone, which leads to a decrease in the release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). The final consequences of this process are important hormonal changes, which are manifested through severe hypoestrogenism. Menstrual dysfunctions, when associated with low body mass, low fat percentage and premature osteoporosis, can be indicators of the Female Athlete Triad (TMA). It can have short- and long-term consequences. In the short term, oligomenorrheic athletes have been victims of high injury rates, particularly stress fractures, and in the long term, those that become osteoporotic are at increased risk of fractures with their resulting morbidity, albeit at a young age. Conclusion: With the increase in the discussion about the benefits of sport, new conditions related to it have been increasingly studied. It is important to emphasize that the athlete’s training load should not exceed the normal functioning condition of the organism. According to the studies analyzed, information on the occurrence of amenorrhea and other menstrual disorders, accompanied by adjuvant conditions should gain more attention among health professionals in the sport and its practitioners. health consequences, and developing educational actions for target groups, such as coaches, coaches, parents, athletes, sports administrators and institutional authorities
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