The contemporary technological advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) enable the employment of non-traditional data sources (e.g. satellite data, sensors, cell phone networks data, social media, etc.) in different aspects of the public sphere. Datafication is changing the relationship between governments and citizens, and the way governments address policy problems. Nowadays, policy-makers are urged to harness data for policies and public service design, while answering at the same time the demand for citizen engagement; as a consequence, innovative government/governance models appeared to connect these two instances. Although it is not a new concept, the model of Anticipatory Governance is particularly worth considering in light of contemporary data availability. Predictive analytics based on data increasingly realizes predictions for public action, although it presents many controversial implications (e.g. the epistemology of data evidence, public trust and privacy). In this article, we address Anticipatory Governance models emerging from data used in futures thinking and policy-making. To understand this phenomenon, we will briefly retrace current paradigms of futures thinking and Anticipatory Governance concerning policy-making, specifying the contemporary perspective design has on these topics. Then, we identify the use of data in futures thinking practices through a systematic literature search. Finally, we will address the challenges and implications of designing datadriven Anticipatory Governance by portraying three scenarios supported by real cases of data for policy-making.
This paper addresses the potential of design as a driver for social innovation in urban contexts in relation to an educational approach engaged with an idea of crafting social innovators. The focus is a masters studio where the idea of crafting social innovators as an approach to learning is explored in terms of learning through making, through doingand, then, how this approach extended into the actual design propositions of the studio. In this paper, six projects are presented that explore the topics of creativity, neighbours networks, and local craft in urban contexts. These detail both the idea of crafting social innovators and the results of the work as makers of social innovation. In particular, the solutions also extended further into an idea of what we have called 'a temporarycommunity of makers'; i.e., groups of people who share objectives, tools, and resources to collaborate for a limited time and describe a way in which design can enable urban regeneration through participating in a learning process that is based in practice.A new role for design emerges that is concerned with: looking for cocreated collective meaning and action (networking); focusing on the participative process that builds a solution (participating); and centring the design activity on the active collaboration of stakeholders (collaborating).
Cities provide a privileged context for observing environmental, social, political, and economic changes. They offer great opportunities for experimentation, often becoming laboratories for innovative practices in different fields of research. This article describes how Service Design can concretely contribute to promoting sustainable and inclusive services at the city level by adopting participatory, collaborative, and multi-stakeholder processes. In particular, the article analyses, through a literature review, the evolution of service design applied to complex and large-scale systems, identifying in the recent conceptualization of service ecosystem design the framework for designing sustainable and inclusive solutions in urban contexts. Two design studies were developed through a collaborative design process to link theory and practice. Three examples of service concepts are described as experiments in transformative service design practices that incorporate systems thinking. The article explains how service designers can deal with complex and large-scale transformations in terms of sustainable urban services and outlines a service design process and some design and research implications related to the ability to adapt to uncertainty and incorporate complexity as design elements.
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