The objective of our study was to assess the extent of accumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc in potato tubers depending on the concentration of these heavy metals in soil and to evaluate the resistance of 11 cultivars of potato cultivated in 5 localities of the Slovakia against input of these heavy metals into the consumption part of potato. Contents of Cd (Pb, Zn) in soil were 0.94-2.54 (18.03-24.90, 35.71-72.40) mg/kg in soil extract by aqua regia and 0.030-0.188 (0.149-0.356, 0.052-0.238) mg/kg in soil extract by NH4NO3. The contents of Cd, Pb, and Zn were determined in potatoes in extracts of freeze-dried samples and expressed in mg/kg of fresh matter (FM). Determined contents of heavy metals were in the range of ND-0.058 mg Cd/kg FM, 0.020-0.630 mg Pb/kg FM, 1.836-3.457 mg Zn/kg FM, resp. The statistically significant correlation between heavy metal content in soil and its content in potato tubers were confirmed only: cv. Laura - Spissky Stvrtok (Cd), cv. Red Anna - Odorin (Pb) and Marabel, Red Anna - Odorin, cv. Marabel - Belusa, cv. Volumia - Imel (Zn).
Keywords: Onion (Allium cepa L.), total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, potassium INTRODUCTIONAmong all vegetables, onion is a species consumed widely across the world. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops with a world production of about 55 million tonnes. Its consumption is attributed to several factors, mainly heavy promotion that links flavour and health and the popularity of onion-rich ethnic foods Dini et al., (2008). Onion (Allium cepa L.) is medical herb and belongs to the family Alliaceae. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a rich source of flavonoids, polyphenols, organic sulphur, saponins and many other secondary metabolites which are mainly responsible for its medical activities Sohail et al.
In the framework of monitoring, we have focused on the analysis of the levels of nickel, chromium, lead and mercury in 9 samples of sweet corn (frozen and canned) from the commercial network of the Slovak Republic. Homogenised samples of sweet corn were mineralized using microwave digestion unit MARS X-press and next analysed by atomic absorption spectrometer VARIAN 240 FS for tested metal concentration, excluding mercury which was was determined by automatic mercury analyser AMA 254.Nickel content in all samples was in the range of 0.376 – 0.556 mg.kg-1, chromium content was 0.088 – 0.546 mg.kg-1, lead content was 0.054 – 0.146 mg.kg-1 and mercury content was 0.000013 – 0.011458 mg.kg-1. The measured values have been compared with the limit values set out legislation for the maximum quantity of hazardous elements according to the Food Code of the Slovak Republic. From the point of view of the sanitary evaluation, the content of nickel, chromium, lead and mercury were not exceeded in either sample.
Phenolic compounds are the predominant antioxidants in nutrition and their study is currently being paid much attention. These antioxidants act synergistically; polyphenol compounds protect vitamin C and β-carotene, which in turn helps to increase the effect of vitamin E. Potatoes are very popular vegetables in Slovakia, not only in terms that they are easy to prepare, but also by the fact that they combine the wholesomeness of cereals and delicacy and characteristic chemical composition of vegetables. It is important that they find their place in our diet. Nutritional value of potatoes is determined by the content of nutrients such as protein, starch, fat, minerals, and absence of toxins, as well as by a significant content of bioactive components from the group of polyphenols. The study was performed in order to analyse 7 Slovak potato varieties from Spiš area, according to biologically active compounds: such as polyphenols. The content of total polyphenols was determined by the method of Lachman et al., (2003). The lowest determined content of total polyphenol (mg.kg-1 dry matter) in locality Spišský Štvrtok was measured in a variety Victoria (795.05 mg.kg-1 dry matter) and the highest content of total polyphenols in locality Spišský Štvrtok was measured in variety Laura (1238.42 mg.kg-1 dry matter). In the locality Odorín was determine the lowest content of total polyphenols in variety Red Anna (974.09 mg.kg-1 dry matter) and the highest content of total polyphenols was determined in variety Laura (978.95 mg.kg-1 dry matter). Between all varieties in locality Spišský Štvrtok was confirmed the statistically significant difference in the influence of the variety in the contents of total polyphenols (mg.kg-1 DM). This varietal dependence was not appear in samples taken in the locality Odorín. The total polyphenols content of the potatoes can be influenced by other factors, for example locality. In this case, there were statistically significant differences in the content of total polyphenols in variety Laura obtained from two different localities.
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants with antioxidant properties. In this work we research the changes in the content of total polyphenols in five varieties of potatoes (Rumelia, Arwen, Megan, Malvína, Erídia). Potatoes were grown at the stage of full maturity from Matejovce nad Hornádom, region of Poprad. Total polyphenols we determined in whole peeled potatoes; in the outside part of peeled potato tubers (1 cm); in inside part of potato tubers (mean 2 cm) and in the whole peel-boiled potatoes. The total polyphenols content was determined by spectrophotometry (λ = 765 nm) and it was used lyophilized samples in ethanol extracts. In whole peeled potatoes was the content of total polyphenols in the range from 243.34 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Rumelia) to 446.38 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Megan), in the outside part of peeled potato tubers was content in the range from 190.45 mg.kg-1 (cv. Rumelia) to 446.84 mg.kg-1 DM (cv. Malvína) and in inside part of potato tubers from 245.51 mg.kg-1 to 446.26 mg.kg-1 DM (Arwen < Rumelia < Megan < Erídia < Malvína). In the whole peel-boiled potatoes was the lowest content of total polyphenols in variety Rumelia (252.5 mg.kg-1 DM) and the highest content in variety Megan (440.54 mg.kg-1 DM). Results were statistically evaluated by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA – Multiple Range Tests, Method: 95.0 percent LSD) using statistical software STATGRAPHICS (Centurion XVI.I, USA) and the regression and correlation analysis (Microsoft Excel) was used.
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