STRESZCZENIEZ dniem 1 stycznia 2016 r. zacznie obowiązywać zakaz składowania komunalnych osadów ściekowych na składo-wiskach odpadów. Modernizacja i budowa nowych oczyszczalni ścieków spowodowała wzrost ilości wytwarzanych komunalnych osadów ściekowych w ostatnich kilkunastu latach. Ich ilość kształtuje się obecnie na poziomie powyżej 500 tys. Mg s.m i zakładany jest dalszy ich wzrost, choć z pewnością nie tak znaczący jak przewidywano jeszcze parę lat temu. Realizując strategię określoną w Krajowym Planie Gospodarki Odpadami (KPGO) polegającą na całkowitym zaniechaniu składowania osadów ściekowych a zdecydowanym zwiększeniu ilości komunalnych osadów ściekowych przetwarzanych przed wprowadzeniem do środowiska oraz osadów przekształcanych metodami termicznymi wielu eksploatatorów oczyszczalni wybrało ten ostatni kierunek. W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan w zakresie termicznego przekształcania komunalnych osadów ściekowych w Polsce.Słowa kluczowe: osady ściekowe, suszenie, spalanie, instalacje termicznego przekształcania. UTILISATION OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE BY THERMAL METHODS IN THE FACE OF STORAGE DISALLOWING ABSTRACTAccording to the data announced by the Central Statistical Office (GUS) in 2014 in Poland, there are more than three thousands municipal wastewater treatment plants. Most of them are relatively new. Modern and highly efficient wastewater treatment systems produce significant amounts of municipal sewage sludge. The amount of sludge starts to create huge problems in their proper management. In addition, from 1 st of January 2016 storage of sewage sludge, which so far has been one of the popular methods of sludge management will be impossible. Thermal methods of disposal are currently considered as an interesting option in sludge management. Currently, in Poland there are several plants where sewage sludge is incinerated or dried. The paper presents the status of thermal method of municipal sewage sludge utilization before the date of storage disallowing.
Wpływ PIX 123 i polielektrolitu Zetag 8160 na kondycjonowanie i odwadnianie osadów ściekowychThe paper presents the research on the possible use of inorganic coagulant and polyelectrolyte for conditioning of sonicated and non-sonicated digested sewage sludge. The digested sewage sludge from mechanical-biological wastewater treatment was analyzed. The effect of PIX 123 and polyelectrolyte Zetag 8160 and their combined effect on sonicated and nonsonicated sludge was determined. Dosing of coagulant to sludge does not create large and durable flocks that can be effectively separated by thickening or dewatering. Then, a good preconditions for creating strong flocs, obtaining a clear effluent, and improving the degree of sludge dewatering are formed. However, it requires to use a suitable polyelectrolyte after coagulation. For sludge samples the following tests were performed: capillary suction time, vacuum filtration, pressure filtration and sludge structure was observed. The suspension and COD content in the sludge liquids were also analyzed. For non-sonicated sludge prepared with Zetag 8160 or PIX 123 a better effect of the CSK decrease was obtained for Zetag 8160. For sonicated sludge PIX 123 was significantly more effective. Both the dose and the chemical used, as well as the sonication time, have a great impact on sludge structure transformation. The applied doses of PIX 123 and Zetag 8160 increased the degree of sludge dewatering, and the combined effect of ultrasonic field, PIX 123 and Zetag 8160 decreased the suspension and COD content in sludge liquids.
Reject water separated from digested sludge may be a potential source of nutrients due to its high content. However, most often, reject water after sludge dewatering is directed to sewage lines at wastewater treatment plants, negatively affecting their operation, especially in the biological part. The activities related to sludge conditioning before dewatering have a direct impact on the quality of the reject water. The reject water of raw digested sludge is characterized by very high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, at 1718 mgN-NH4+/dm3; phosphates, at 122.4 mgPO43−/dm3; and chemical oxygen demand (COD), at 2240 mgO2/dm3. The objective of the research was to determine the impact of selected sludge conditioning methods on the quality of reject water obtained after sludge dewatering. The following parameters were analyzed in the reject water: the chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, and total suspended solids (TSS). It has been observed that the sludge sonification process increases the content of impurities (COD, phosphates) in reject water with an increase in the amplitude of the ultrasonic field. On the other hand, the chemical reagents cause a decrease in the concentration of the pollutants with an increase of the chemical dose. It has been found that the inorganic coagulant PIX 113 gives much better results regarding the reduction of contamination than the polyelectrolyte Zetag 8180.
The paper presents the impact of different methods of sewage sludge conditioning on the improvement of sludge dewatering during pressure filtration processes. The following conditioning methods were tested for sludge preparation: sonication, addition of organic and inorganic chemicals (Zetag 8180, PIX 113 and the combined action of both substances). The research covered: physical and chemical analysis of sewage sludge, measurement of capillary suction time as an indicator of sludge dewaterability, some technical parameters of sludge pressure filtration process and the analysis of filtrate to assess the degree of contamination. The results of the research showed that the final water content of the prepared sludge decreased, while the specific filtration resistance increased. Among the tested methods the best results of sludge dewatering effects were obtained for sonicated sludge and its preparation with inorganic coagulant PIX 113. The combined effect of sonication with the addition of chemicals Zetag 8180 and PIX113 to sludge allowed for the reduction of organic substances, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates in filtrate after sludge dewatering.
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