The methodology applied in the first part involved comparative analysis of the trends in foreign investment and gross domestic product, and in the other, a growth model based on the Endogenous Growth Model. The analysis implied a great deal of spatial differentiation in the inflow of foreign investment and in economic growth. Estonia, followed by Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia by margin reports the highest volume of foreign direct investments for production of the gross domestic product and when recalculated to the manpower. Lower influence of the foreign direct investments on the economy was reported for Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, and Slovenia. In the second part, a growth model is compiled, which revealed that statistically significant relations exist between economic growth, FDI and investment growth. Growth of foreign direct investment positively demonstrates itself in increasing the level of the gross domestic product. The influence of foreign direct investment on economic growth of the Central and Eastern European countries was more visible in the period of 2009-2012.
The article is divided into two parts. Its first part analyses the functions of environmental education and land sharing performed by national parks in Poland. The second part presents the transformations of both tourist and nature protection functions of 117 municipalities (gminas), territorially linked with 23 national parks in Poland. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was carried out, applying linear ordering methods—synthetic development measures (SDM) were used. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of municipalities in each of the defined areas was carried out, along with an assessment of the correlation between the level of the nature protection function and the tourist function development. The research covers the years 2001–2016. SDM of nature protection function and tourist function in the municipalities linked with national parks indicate stability of the nature protection function as well as dynamic changes in the tourist function. It allows rejecting the research hypothesis that national parks intend to block the tourist function of municipalities. The research findings indicate the need for cooperation between municipalities and national parks not only for the sake of nature protection, but also for the purpose of area economic activation.
The presented article follows the research mainstream of econometric analyses focused on the assessment of correlations between youth unemployment rate and market and macroeconomic determinants, including economic growth and productivity of the economy, its structure in terms of NACE Rev.2 sections as well as the labor market tools. The research addresses 28 European Union (EU) countries. The analysis period covers the years 2008–2018. The econometric methods dedicated to panel data were used. The research results confirm the importance of the general economic condition as well as the development of knowledge-based economy for the improvement of the youth situation in the labor market. With regard to the economy structure, the development of manufacturing section importance turned out to be a major factor in female youth unemployment rate reduction. The growing importance of the construction sector translated into a decline in the unemployment rate among young men.
Streszczenie: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opracowanie klasyfikacji województw z uwagi na stopień uprzemysłowienia jako jednego z elementów oddziałujących na poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i stan środowiska regionu. Pozwoli ona w dalszej kolejności na ocenę czynników społecznych lub środowiskowych w zdefiniowanych grupach województw o różnym stopniu uprzemysłowienia. Klasyfikacji województw dokonano na podstawie wskaźników charakteryzujących gospodarczy aspekt rozwoju przemysłu oraz rynek pracy z wykorzystaniem metod analizy skupień. Analiza skupień została przeprowadzona jedną z metod hierarchicznych -metodą aglomeracji Warda. Do oceny zmian pozycji poszczególnych województw w czasie wykorzystano syntetyczne miary rozwoju ze wspólnym wzorcem rozwoju. Badaniem objęto 16 województw Polski w 2015 r. z uwzględnieniem zmian odnotowanych w porównaniu z 2009 r.
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