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Ligand H4BATA forms highly stable complex with bismuth(iii) in 1–2 min at room temperature.

Over the last decade, targeted alpha therapy has demonstrated its high effectiveness in treating various oncological diseases. Lead-212, with a convenient half-life of 10.64 h, and daughter alpha-emitter short-lived 212Bi (T1/2 = 1 h), provides the possibility for the synthesis and purification of complex radiopharmaceuticals with minimum loss of radioactivity during preparation. As a benefit for clinical implementation, it can be milked from a radionuclide generator in different ways. The main approaches applied for these purposes are considered and described in this review, including chromatographic, solution, and other techniques to isolate 212Pb from its parent radionuclide. Furthermore, molecules used for lead’s binding and radiochemical features of preparation and stability of compounds labeled with 212Pb are discussed. The results of preclinical studies with an estimation of therapeutic and tolerant doses as well as recently initiated clinical trials of targeted radiopharmaceuticals are presented.

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The complexation properties towards Bi 3 + of benzoazacrown ligands with five (H 3 BA3A) and six (H 4 BATA) heteroatoms and corresponding number of acetic arms have been investigated. Complexation constants were determined via potentiometric titration for BA3ABi complex (logβ = 26.2) and refined for BATABi complex (logβ = 31.7). According to NMR, X-ray and EXAFS results, chelation of cation by H 3 BA3A appears to be outside the macrocyclic cavity both in the solid state and in the aqueous solution. This out-cage location despite the high stability constant causes serum and in vivo instability of complex of smaller azacrown H 3 BA3A in contrast to H 4 BATA. Whereas the larger macrocycle and four pendant arms of H 4 BATA provide long-range coordination effectively shielding the cation thereby ensuring high inertness in vitro, low accumulation of the radionuclide in the organs, and fast clearance.