Significant oil losses in oil-containing wastes and their adverse impact on the region environmental setting bring about the need to develop an oil-containing wastes treatment technology. To tackle this issue, the authors have set an aim of designing a helio device and creating an oil-containing wastes treatment method based on it to extract oil products. Considering a widespread in the composition and properties of potential oil sludge raw materials and their tendency for either formation of stable emulsions or phase separation, we have conducted in-depth modern physical and chemical studies and defined the need to develop a commercial oil-containing wastes purification method. We have designed the device, in which oil product hydrocarbons undergo thermal treatment using solar energy. Following oil-containing wastes purification using solar energy, the particulate load in soil does not exceed 6.65–6.79 % and the absolute molecular weight of hydrocarbons approaches that of bitumen. The developed oil-containing wastes purification method solves an important environmental issue of oil-containing wastes recycling, promotes recovery, and prevents degradation of natural complexes, and reduces soil and water pollution.
Soil degradation and, as a result, desertification is a global phenomenon, but in Kazakhstan it is felt most acutely. The main causes leading to desertification and adverse environmental changes include chemical contamination of the soil. Local and regional chemical pollution of soils is observed near cities and industrial enterprises, open-pit mining of mineral resources. The dominant group of chemical pollution will be oil itself, gas accompanying it, waste and underground mineralized water. The problem of detoxification, cleaning and restoring the properties and fertility of soils polluted with oil and oil products in order to prevent soil degradation is an important and most pressing issue at present. The main idea of the work is to create a solar complex for processing oil and gas waste with the development of fundamentally new solutions in the technological scheme for processing oily waste. In world practice, various methods of cleaning soil and water from oil pollution are applied: mechanical, physicochemical and biological. Not all of them are safe and effective. To solve the problems of anthropogenic pollution by oil and petroleum products, photothermal methods during cleaning to remove the hydrocarbon portion of the soil. The authors have created a solar system and developed a way to prevent soil degradation with the production of petroleum products. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of various types of solar constructions in the recycling and utilization of oily wastes, ensuring maximum separation of hydrocarbons from oil wastes, without prejudice to their chemical structure, in the manufacture of modern composite building materials, ensuring the intensification of hardening processes. The results show that an environmentally friendly method has been developed for cleaning oilpolluted soils, soils and oil sludge. This method solves an important environmental problem of cleaning oil-polluted soils, soils and oil sludge, helps restore and prevent the degradation of natural complexes, reduces pollution of the soil layer and water bodies. This will allow utilizing oil barns and sludge collectors in all oil-producing regions using solar energy.
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