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The thermal conductivity of monolithic Y‐Sm/α‐SiAlON was evaluated using experimental data and finite element analysis. The thermal diffusivities of Y, Y‐Dy, and Y‐Ce/α‐SiAlON ceramics were also investigated experimentally for comparison. The maximum achievable thermal conductivity of Y‐Sm/α‐SiAlON has been calculated by the linear extrapolation of the temperature‐based experimental inverse diffusivity data and was used for the numerical calculations. Two‐dimensional model microstructures were built on the base of real microstructure images and applied for calculations. Experimental data and numerical calculations were compared for Y‐Sm/α‐SiAlON, and it was revealed that both results are in good agreement.

The anxieties regarding global warming upon increasing greenhouse gas emission grades worldwide and the presence of petroleumbased fuels have directed the researchers to focus on the development of biofuels as well as the utilization of reformulated gasoline fuels by adding oxygenated additives resulting in an extensive application to improve fuel properties. In this study, engine performance and exhaust emission tests were performed using pure gasoline and volumetrically 10% ethanol-C2 or methanol-C1/gasoline blends (G100, E10, and M10). The engine experiments for all test fuels were carried out in a single-cylinder, fourstroke, water-cooled, spark-ignition (SI) engine under fixed engine speed (1500 rpm) and various loading conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). In the tested engine, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values of G100, M10, and E10 fuels under full load condition were found to be as 0.279 kg/kWh, 0.296 kg/kWh and 0.307 kg/kWh, respectively. When the exhaust emissions were examined, E10 and M10 fuels were observed to have lesser CO, CO2, NOX, and HC emissions in comparison with pure gasoline. The lowest CO emission was determined as 3.15% for E10 fuel at a 75% load. NOX emissions descended with the increase of engine load in all fuel blends meanwhile the best performance is measured as 908.86 ppm in E10 fuel at 100% load. The minimum HC emission for E10 fuel was measured as 116.36 ppm at a 75% load. Compared with G100 fuel, E10 and M10 blends emitted 39% and 35% fewer HC emissions, respectively at 75% load. Besides, E10 and M10 fuels generated 8% and 5% less CO2 emissions at all engine loads, respectively, when compared to G100 fuel. As a result of thermodynamic analyses; The highest exergy efficiency values were found to be at 21.0% for G100, 17.92% for E10, and 16.85% for M10, respectively. Besides, the energy efficiencies were obtained to be as 30.01% for G100, 28.33% for E10, and 29.90% for M10, respectively. According to the sustainability analysis, E10 fuel performed better results than M10 fuel in order to be an alternative to G100 fuel.