In infants less than 1 year of age, percutaneous and perventricular device closure of mVSDs is technically feasible and highly effective with low morbidity. Long term safety and efficacy needs to be assessed.
The hybrid stage I palliation is a valid option in high-risk neonates. As experience is accrued, it may become the preferred alternative. However, in aortic atresia, the development of preductal retrograde coarctation is a significant problem.
Ten- to 20-year survival and functional status are excellent among infants undergoing complete repair of truncus arteriosus. Conduit replacement or revision is almost inevitably necessary in this group of patients.
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