The peritoneum is one of the locations outside the most common pulmonary tuberculosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis poses a public health problem in endemic regions of the world. The phenomenon of migration, the increased use of immunosuppressive therapy and the epidemic of AIDS have contributed to a resurgence of this disease in regions where it was previously controlled. The aim of this review is to expose the clinical, biologic end radiologic futures of the peritoneal tuberculosis and to present the methods of diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult and still remains a challenge because of its insidious nature, the variability of presentation and limitations of available diagnostic tests. The disease usually presents a picture of lymphocytic exudative ascites. There are many complementary tests with variable sensitivities and specificities to confirm the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. Isolation of mycobacteria by culture of ascitic fluid or histological examination of peritoneal biopsy ideally performed by laparoscopy remains the investigation of choice. The role of PCR, ascitic adenosine deaminase, interferon gamma and the radiometric BACTEC system can improve the diagnostic yield. An antituberculous treatment with group 1 of the WHO for 6 months is sufficient in most cases.

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The 3D technique is significantly more efficient than the traditional chalk technique for the teaching of peritoneal embryogenesis in terms of short-term memorization and particularly for the assimilation of dynamic phenomena. Medium-term and long-term studies are needed to demonstrate that this benefit has a long-lasting impact.

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In laparoscopic colorectal resection, the medial-to-lateral approach has been largely adopted. This approach can be initiated by the division of either the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) or the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV). This cadaveric study aimed to establish the feasibility of IMV dissection as the initial landmark of medial-to-lateral left colonic mobilization for evaluating the size of the peritoneal window between the IMV at the lower part of the pancreas and the origin of the IMA (IMA-IMV distance) and the point of origin of the IMA compared to the lower edge of the third part of the duodenum (IMA-D3 distance). These distances were recorded on 30 fresh cadavers. The IMA-D3 distance was 0.4 ± 2.2 cm (mean ± SD). The IMA originated from the aorta at the level of or below the D3 in 21 cases (70%). The IMA-IMV distance was 5.5 ± 1.8 cm and was greater or equal to 5 cm (large window) in 21 cases (70%). IMA-IMV distance was correlated with IMA-D3 showing that a large window was inversely correlated with a low IMA origin (P < 0.001). IMA-D3 distance was not correlated with weight, height and sex. IMA-IMV distance was largerin male (6.7 ± 0.9 vs. 4.9 ± 1.8, P = 0.001) and correlated with weight, (r = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.03-0.10, P < 0.001) and height (r = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.05-0.21, P = 0.002). IMV can be used as the initial landmark for laparoscopic medial-to-lateral dissection in two-thirds of cases. A too-small window can require first IMA division. The choice between the two different medial-to-lateral approaches could be made by evaluating the anatomical relationship between IMA, IMV, and D3.

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