No abstract

A total of 19 white-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus, were collected from Huwazah Marsh, north-eastern Basrah Province, Iraq from February to March and in October, 2011 (collection site #1) and 60 V. leucurus were collected from AlHammar Marshes, Thi-Qar Province, southern Iraq from July to November, 2012 (collection site #2), and examined for cyclocoelids. Nineteen Uvitellina iraquensis Dronen, Ali & Al-Amura, 2013 from site #1 and 17 specimens from site #2 were fixed with minimal compression for comparisons of morphological characteristics, measurements, morphometric percentages and morphometric ratios commonly used to distinguish species of cyclocoelids. An additional five adult specimens from site #1 were fixed without compression for comparisons. Specimens from site # 1 (n=24) represented only fully-developed, non-senescing adults, while those from site #2 (n=17) could be divided into fully-developed (non-senescing) adults (n=8); younger (smaller, less developed) adults (n=5) and senescing adults (n=4). The following characteristics were relatively consistent, and appeared to be valuable in identifying groups of similar species and distinguishing species in Uvitellina: the presence or absence of the oral sucker; the oral sucker/pharynx width ratio; the posterior extent of the cirrus sac relative to the intestinal bifurcation; the position of the genital pore relative to the pharynx; the position of the testes in the body; the length of the intertesticular space; the length of the posttesticular space; the lateral disposition of the uterine loops; the presence of a posteriorly-directed, tail-like extension off the posterior confluence of the vitelline fields; the posterior extent of the uterine loops relative to the gonads; and the size of fully-developed eggs. It may be beneficial to calculate the percentage that measurements represent relative to the body length to provide insight into the relationship of the size of a structure to increased size of the specimens (growth). Specimens fixed without compression appeared to be less uniform, less symmetrical, shorter, more distorted and the internal details were more difficult to see.

Sarcocystosis is caused by different Sarcocystis species. It’s a protozoal infection with worldwide distribution in many species of animals. The current study aimed to transfer infection of S.moulei into the mice as well as morphological diagnosis to confirm this aquatic plant and treat the mice experimentally infected by S.moulei. The plants of the family Ruppiaceae are monocotyledons, containing only one genus, which has many species in the world., Plant samples of Ruppia sp. were isolated from one of the salt marshes(swamps) in a province in the area of five miles and were carried out for phenotypic and then molecular diagnosis for confirmation. The whole plant is approximately 30 cm (40-65) cm in length and less than 1 mm (0.9 mm) in stem diameter. The plant is monocious, and the flowers are bisexual and sessile in groups at the base of the leaves; the peduncles are more than 5 cm long and reach 22–23 cm in length, flexuous but not spirally coiled, and bearing 5–11 obliquely ovoid (2-2.5) mm in length. The leaves are distributed alternately across the stem. Experimental transfer of the infection was carried out to laboratory mice, and three concentrations were used to treat the infection (0.106, 0.156, and 0.206) g/kg of extract alkaloid of Ruppia sp., showing the two concentrations (0.156 and 0.206 g/kg) complete efficacy and complete recovery compared to the other groups and other concentrations, as well as the group (infected and treated with albendazole 0.250 g/kg).

The present study was made to observe the effect of phenolic extract isolated from the green alga Chara vulgaris on the larval stage (Cysticercus) of Taenia taeniaeformis in mice infected in the laboratory compared with two sets of control and Albendazole drug. It found The phenolic extract, after 3 days of treatment has more effect on the larval stage of T.taeniaeformis from Albendazole drug.The lowest average number of live larvae was 3.75 larvae at concentrations of 0.065 and 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract and the highest average was5 larvae at the concentrations of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole, respectively, while the lowest average number of dead larvae reached 2.5 larva by the same two concentrations.The highest average reached 6 larvae at the concentration of 0.115 mg/kg of phenolic extract, while the lowest percentage of dead larvae was 33.33% at the concentration of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole, respectively.The highest percentage (61.53%) at the concentration of 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract.The higher therapeutic efficiency was (63.96%) at the concentrations 0.065 and 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolicextract and the lowest the rapeutic efficiency (51.59%) was at the concentration of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of the phenol and Albendazole, respectively.