Poisoning is a medical emergency that represent a major health problem all over the world. Studies on drug overdose and chemical poisoning are very limited in Saudi Arabia (SA). We aimed to describe the current pattern and assess risk factors of drug overdose and chemical poisoning in King Khalid National Guard hospital, Jeddah, SA. Medical records of patients attended emergency department in King Khalid National Guard hospital during the period from January 2008 to December 2012 due to drug overdose and chemical poisoning were reviewed. A total of 129 cases were included in the study. The majority of the population was Saudi (97.7 %), and almost half of them were females (54.3 %). Children under 12 years were the most affected age group (44.2 %). Drug overdose was the most common cause of poisoning (92.2 %). Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs represented the highest percentage of used medications (20.4 %). The most commonly reported symptoms were symptoms of the central nervous system (57.4 %) followed by GIT symptoms (41.9 %). Intentional poisoning was reported in 34 cases (26.4 %). Female patients were significantly more likely to attempt suicide than male patients (OR = 7.22, 95 % CI = 1.70, 30.62). Children continue to be at high risk for medication and chemical poisoning. Accessibility to medications at homes encountered for most of poisoning cases among children. Implementing methods to raise public awareness and minimize children access to medications would significantly contribute to reducing burden of this problem on the community.

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary tract infection and bacteremia (sepsis) following endoscopic urologic procedures is a controversial topic. Evidence in the literature revealed that urological instrumentation is associated with increased incidence of urinary tract infection and bacteremia. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the risk of urinary tract infection in patients who had transurethral urological surgeries. We have selected all RCTs of adult population who underwent all different types of transurethral urological surgery, including cystoscopy, transurethral resection of prostate and transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and received prophylactic antibiotics or placebo/no treatment. At first, more than 3000 references were identified and reviewed; of which 42 studies with a total of 7496 patients were included in the final analysis. All those trials were analyzing antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo/no treatment, and they were significantly favoring antibiotic use in reducing all outcomes, including bacteriuria (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.46, P < 0.0001) with moderate heterogeneity detected (I2 48%), symptomatic UTI (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.51, P < 0.0001) with no significant heterogeneity was detected (I2= 17%), bacteremia (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.82, P < 0.0001) with no noted heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and fever ≥38.5 Celsius (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73, P = 0.003); also, there was no noted heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). However, using antibiotic prophylaxis did not reduce the incidence of low grade temperature (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11, P = 0.20) or in moderate grade temperature (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.48, P = 0.89). Antibiotic prophylaxis appears to be an effective intervention in preventing urinary tract infections and its sequels following transurethral urological surgeries in patients with preoperative sterile urine.

PurposeVarious smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) applications allow the users to view 360° videos of real or simulated places. A 360° VR is captured with a special camera that simultaneously records all 360° of a scene unlike the standard video recording. An experimental study was conducted where 4th-year medical students participated in a workshop.Patients and methodsThe study was conducted at College of Medicine (COM-J), King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 360° VR videos including, pre-briefing and debriefing sessions were held for the experimental group, whereas group two (control group) was provided with the interactive lecture. A total of 169 undergraduate medical students attend the 4th year at the College of Medicine (KSAU-HS) Jeddah.ResultsThe response rate was 88% for 169 participants, 57 (VR) and 112 (conventional method). The majority of students (93%) thought that VR can be used in medical education. Post-MCQs score (out of 20) was significantly higher in the VR group, when compared to the conventional group (17.4+2.1 vs 15.9+2.9, p-value <0.001). The OSCE score was also better with the VR group (12.9+4.1 vs 9.8+4.2, p-value <0.001). Overall rating of VR satisfaction experience showed a mean of 7.26 of 10.ConclusionVR provides a rich, interactive, and engaging educational context that supports experiential learning-by-doing. In fact, it raises interest and motivation for student and effectively supports knowledge retention and skills acquisition.

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Baseline perfusion defects were seen on (99m)Tc-dimercapto-succinic acid scan at presentation in 115 of our 151 patients (76%) independent of presentation mode. New permanent defects developed in abnormal and previously normal kidneys, and were associated with urinary tract infection. Being circumcised was associated with fewer urinary tract infections and a lower incidence of observed new permanent defects (5.2% vs 10.2%).

Background Medical training programs candidate’s interview is an integral part of the residency matching process. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, conducting these interviews was challenging due to infection prevention restrains (social distancing, namely) and travel restrictions. E-interviews were implemented by the Saudi Commission for Healthcare Specialties (SCFHS) since the matching cycle of March 2020 to hold the interviews in a safer virtual environment while maintaining the same matching quality and standards. Aim This study was conducted to assess the medical training residency program applicants’ satisfaction, stress, and other perspectives for the (SCFHS) March 2020 Matching-cycle conducted through an urgently implemented E-interviews process. Method A cross-sectional, nationwide survey (Additional file 1) was sent to 4153 residency-nominated applicants to the (SCFHS) March 2020 cycle. Results Among the 510 candidates who responded, 62.2% applied for medical specialties, 20.2% applied for surgical specialties, and 17.6% applied for critical care and emergency specialties. Most respondents (61.2%) never had previous experience with web-based video conferences. Most respondents (80.2%) used the Zoom application to conduct the current E-interviews, whereas only 15.9% used the FaceTime application. 63.3% of the respondents preferred E-interviews over in-person interviews, and 60.6% rated their experience as very good or excellent. 75.7% of the respondents agreed that all their residency program queries were adequately addressed during the E-interviews. At the same time, 52.2% of them agreed that E-interviews allowed them to represent themselves accurately. 28.2% felt no stress at all with their E-interviews experience, while 41.2% felt little stressed and only 8.2% felt highly stressed. The factors that were independently and inversely associated with applicants’ level of stress with E-interviews experience were their ability to represent themselves during the interviews (p = 0.001), cost-savings (p < 0.001), their overall rating of the E-interviews quality (p = 0.007) and the speed of the internet connection (p < 0.006). Conclusion Videoconferencing was implemented on an urgent basis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the medical residency application process in Saudi Arabia. It was perceived as an adequate and promising tool to replace in-person interviews in the future. Applicants’ satisfaction was mainly driven by good organization, cost-saving, and their ability to present themselves. Future studies to enhance this experience are warranted.

Background and Objectives:Patients are essential for the acquisition and development of medical students clinical skills for their tasks. The study aimed to identify factors that influence patients’ attitudes towards the involvement of medical students in clinical examination and care in Western Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire was conducted among Saudi and non-Saudi patients at two university hospitals in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia. Information sought included demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational level, job, income, and marital status); patients’ attitude and comfort level towards different types of students’ involvement; factors influencing patients’ cooperation with medical students (students’ level of training, manner, skills, and attire. All these were assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v 19.Results:Four hundred and seventeen adult patients participated. Fifty-one percent indicated a positive attitude towards involving medical students in clinical examination and care. Female and young patients (<45 years old) were more likely to be negative in their attitude and be less comfortable towards involving medical students in their care. The highest overall mean comfort score was with medical students taking history followed by observations and less invasive examination. Patients’ mean confidence scores regarding students’ attire were the highest for female traditional attire and for scrub suit for males.Conclusion:Of the influential factors that could affect patients’ willingness to cooperate with medical students, clinical skills followed by manner and level of training ranked first. Ensuring that students mastered specific procedures before coming into direct contact with patients using patient simulators, for example, would improve patients’ acceptance of student participation.

Introduction:Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is associated with high mortality rate, up to 25%. There is still conflicting reports regarding the most appropriate management, conservative versus nephrectomy.Objective:To describe the outcome of patients with EPN.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with EPN by computed tomography from three tertiary institutes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Type of management was classified as conservative and surgical. The conservative includes medical and minimally invasive procedures, such as percutaneous drainage and nephrostomy. The surgical which is nephrectomy. The outcome observed was preservation of the kidney function or patient's life.Results:A total of 10 patients were included (9 females and 1 male), median age was 55 years and 63% were diabetic. The most common presentation was flank pain (100%), fever (75%), and vomiting (63%). The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli. Nephrectomy was not associated with increased survival rate, while conservative management was associated with a good outcome, less morbidity (not dialysis-dependent).Conclusion:Nephrectomy was not associated with high survival rate. Patients managed conservatively had a better overall performance and better survival. This study will add to other studies, which are encouraging conservative management.