Hesperidin decreased cisplatin-induced functional and histopathological liver damage in a dose-dependent manner without affecting its potential cytotoxic effect.

Background:Gastric ulcer is one of the most serious diseases. Most classic treatment lines produce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of two natural extracts, namely ginger and marshmallow extracts, on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.Materials and Methods:Animals were divided into five groups; a normal control group, an ulcer control group, and three treatment groups receiving famotidine (20 mg/kg), ginger (100 mg/kg), and marshmallow (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally on a daily basis for 14 days prior to a single intra-peritoneal administration of indomethacin (20 mg/kg).Results:Indomethacin administration resulted in significant ulcerogenic effect evidenced by significant elevations in ulcer number, ulcer index, and blood superoxide dismutase activity accompanied by significant decreases in gastric mucosal nitric oxide and glutathione levels. In addition, elevations in gastric mucosal lipid peroxides and histamine content were observed. Alternatively, pretreatment with famotidine, ginger or marshmallow significantly corrected macroscopic and biochemical findings, supported microscopically by results of histopathological study.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that administration of either ginger or marshmallow extract could protect against indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats presumably via their antioxidant properties and inhibition of histamine release.

These results suggest that telmisartan may have potential protecting effects against experimental bronchial asthma, probably due to its bronchodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Gastric ulcer is one of the most gastro-intestinal disorders in world. There are many drugs used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, but most of these associates with several adverse effects. In the present study we investigate the protective effects of extracts of Zingiber officinale and Althaea officinalis on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups; a normal control group, an ulcer control group, a standard treatment group receiving famotidine (20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups receiving Z. officinale extract (100 mg/kg) and A.officinalis extract (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were subjected to pyloric ligation except normal control group. Four hours later, rat stomachs were excised and gastric juice and blood samples were collected. Pyloric ligation significant increases ulcer number, ulcer index, gastric volume, titratble acidity, acid output, mucin content and peptic activity, accompanied by significant decreases in blood superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) activity and gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) contents. In addition, elevations in gastric mucosal lipid peroxide and histamine contents were observed. Pretreatment with famotidine, Z. officinale or A.officinalis extracts significantly corrected all blood and tissue parameters by varying degrees.Famotidine, Z. officinale and A.officinalis extractsmay protect against pyloric ligation-induced peptic ulcer in rats, being promising for further clinical trials.

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Background and aims: Immunosuppressive medication Cyclosporine A (CsA) is frequently used during organ transplantation. Additionally, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases have been treated with CsA. But it causes nephrotoxicity. Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. It is very effective. Citrus fruits contain the flavonone hesperidin, which is highly effective in treating a number of cardiovascular disorders. The study's goal was to clarify how sitagliptin or hesperidin prevented CsA's nephrotoxic effects. Main methods: This study was done on 36 rats. The experimental design was designed into 6 groups that includes Group І (normal control): Rats received vehicle only for 14 days. Group ІІ: Rats injected with a single daily i.p 20 mg/kg/day dosage CsA for the last 7 consecutive days. Group ІІІ: Sitagliptin was administered orally to rats once daily for 14 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Group ІV: Rats received both CsA and sitagliptin treatments as previously indicated. Sitagliptin was administered 7 days before and 7 days after CsA that was administrated last 7 days. Group V: For 14 days straight, rats were given a single 200 mg/kg oral dosage of hesperidin formulated in distal water by oral gavage and Group VІ: Rats received both CsA and hesperdin treatments as previously indicated. Blood and kidneys were taken on day 15. In addition to a histological analysis, markers of renal function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were measured. Results: Interestingly, sitagliptin or hesperidin attenuated CsA-mediated elevations of creatinine, Cystatin-C, glucose, MDA and MPO, while inhibiting CsA-induced decreases in albumin, catalase and GSH. Immunogenic assay of Nrf-2 and BAX and determination of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and western plot analysis among different groups also confirmed the safeguarding impact of sitagliptin or hesperidin on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Further confirmation of the reno-protective milieu provided by sitagliptin or hesperidin came from histological investigation. Conclusion: our findings suggested that sitagliptin or hesperidin treatment along with CsA lowers CsA's nephrotoxicity, possibly acting by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.